Shopaholism Essay example -- Shopping Shop Buying Essays

ShopaholismI have fifty minutes onward my exam will be over. Ten minutes have already passed and the only thing Ive written so far is my name. I progress to stare at the black type and attempt to make sensory faculty of it all. Five minutes remaining and I quickly jot raft my final thoughts. My time is up. Usually I would be excited to fix out my exam score, but this time there was no give in knowing. I knew I failed. I decided not to see to it the rest of my classes for the day and instead do what I usually do when I need to forget about my troubles and just escape into my make world where everything is perfect go obtain. After my little excursion to the mall, I came back elated, with a bunch of obtain bags in my hands and a huge bill in my pocket. I find my self escaping reality done shopping quite often, but fortunately I do know my limits however, there are many people who have formed an habituation to shopping. Theyre almost like alcoholics. Reasons for excessive sh opping vary from wanting to obtain up with friends or fashion to simply cheering oneself up. But dysfunctional shopping behavior can easily get out of control. akin alcoholism, notes Chicago psychoanalyst Robert Galatzer-Levy, compulsive shopping represents a case of the indifferent pleasures of living getting out of hand. Just as nearly every alcoholic starts out as a social drinker, a shopping addict starts out as a recreational shopper -- bringing a little color into a gray day by take up a pair (or three) of shoes. About 90 years ago, German psychologist, Emil Kraepelin defined excessive shopping as an illness, calling it oniomania after the Latin onos, or price, but only recently has this disorder begun to be unders withald. consort to Observer Magazin... ...ed because at times I do go shopping to relieve stress and I do come back with piles of bags in my hands, but I dont own a quote bill poster so I know my limits since Im using cash. Now I curio what will happen w hen I do get a credit card, but hopefully Ill be alright since Im reducing my expenditure on unnecessary items already. I think if we recognize a problem in our spending habits at an early stage, thence we can prevent travel victim to shopaholism, but if we continue to deny the problem and go on buying more and more for no apparent reason then the situation may get out of hand and treatment would be needed. Like binge eating or pathological gambling, shopaholism distorts our sense of self and if anyone feels as though he or she might be travel victim to this disorder then it is highly recommended that something is done immediately, before it becomes too late.

Foreign Language Requirement

In the persuasive rail line All Students Should be Required to Study a exotic Language, posted on 123helpme. com the writer makes the argument that all the Statesns should slang some type of formal bringing up in a extraneous speech communication. The writer gives a few total reasons supporting his rent. The benefits given ar better race relations for the province as well as an improved external interest. The writer is basing his claim on the solid assumption that linguistic communication is the most fundamental feeling of a socialisation and when doing business abroad speech communication barriers smoke be a burden.The argument even goes on to say that incorporating unlike voice communication into the the Statesn society outpouringament create a much comprehensive society. remote actors line skills back call for a positive involve on race relations in America. stated in the imprimatur paragraph of the argument. It is a known fact that the number of minor ities in America argon continually increasing. American school frys that study a strange language of the pre loom minority group in their region of the county have a better insight to the minoritys culture.Understanding a minoritys language can help natives understand their neighbors culturally and on a personal level. If we take these bits of insight and understanding and couple them with compassion, fertile domain for multicultural harmony in America will be sown. says the writer. Foreign language skill can definitely improve domestic affairs. America is a part of the global economy which involves American and foreign moveion. Having language barriers can be a burden when it comes to foreign interest.Most foreign business community speak English for the benefit of making money in American businesses. It is assumed that if American businessmen had foreign language skills they should be more successful at the bargaining table. Foreign language skill can also improve foreign re lations. If American ambassadors, envoys, diplomats and representatives were able to speak the language of their counterparts, conflicts could be resolved more easily. the writer states. Foreign language can surely prove useful for foreign interest.All American students should be necessary to study a foreign language. This argument is valid and convincing payable to its sufficient facts on the matter. The author gives 2 very reasonable claims towards the argument. for each one point happens to be logical. The author evens points out counter arguments, which seem a bit closed minded and a bit unreasonable. Therefore the argument has certainly been made. . All Students Should be Required to Sudy a Foreign Language. 123HelpMe. com. 11 Oct. 2012 http//www. 123HelpMe. com/view. asp? id=20601.Foreign Language RequirementForeign Language lofty-pitched School Requirement A survey done by the ticker for Applied Linguistics in 2008 found that The findings indicate a undecomposed disc onnect between the national call to educate world citizens with upper-level language skills and the current state of foreign language instruction in schools across the country(CalResearch). This is concerning as all of the competition for the U. S. is gaining a measuring rod and were doing nonhing . If the U. S. expects to continue to be competitive in the global marketplace we need to have bilingualist citizens.In order to ensure this, we must read a foreign language be intimate in laid-back school. To fully master a language by the conclusion of high school, a students education of it require to begin in Kindergarten. Studies have shown that the lift out time frame to learn a foreign language is from Kindergarten to third Grade. It would be better, though, to start in Kindergarten so there is a coherent education through and throughout elementary school. The brain learns better at a young age so the language will be learned faster and more easily in lower grades. Not plainly this, but extended exposure is need to move around fluent in a language (Porter).By the time the students reached high school they could speak the language outside of class to become even more fluent. By the end of high school these students would be bilingual. If the U. S. requires a foreign language be learned in high school, its education should start in Kindergarten. bilingual students receive additional benefits outside of simply intimate an new(prenominal) language. Bilinguals, topnotch to their monolingual peers, atomic number 18 better at critical thinking, pattern recognition, different thinking, and creativity (Foreign Language A Must ).These advanced cognitive abilities ar shown on tests as after 3-4 years of taking a language students show improved standardized test rack up (Porter). This sloppeds that students will have better math and English test scores without even taking the classes. Also, bilingual students are more sensitive to other cultures. The y can compare and contrast languages and know how what certain words mean in different contexts (Make Foreign Language a racy School Requirement). This is something that is sorely needed in the U. S. because the majority of our citizens are unknowledgeable of different cultures.It would serve as a wake-up call. New bilingual citizens would bring new perspectives to problems that face our society today. Another benefit to acquire a foreign language the brain ages slower and neurologists say eruditeness a foreign language delays the on make of Dementia (Porter). In culture a foreign language, one enjoys more indirect benefits. Just versed English isnt enough for exchanges in diplomatic, military, professional, or commercial contexts with other countries. When in a different country, monolinguals are at a disadvantage compared to bilinguals because they have to hire an interpreter.Monolinguals have trouble picking up both communicative and non-verbal clues of a different languag e (Porter). They could violate social taboo and cant espouse side conversations. This is a huge risk as one could be thrown out of a country and by violating the unwritten rules. This could set an unwanted reputation for Americans. Having been bilingual, students have cultural knowledge and understanding. This helps with the daily interactions require in living in another country (Make Foreign Language A spirited School Requirement). Clearly having more bilingual citizens would help America in communication and interactions with other countries.Having many bilingual citizens also helps in diplomatic and economic interactions with a foreign nation as it establishes a good relationship by knowing their culture. Thomas L. Friedman cited a businessman, Todd Martin, who said that our education failure is the largest contributing agent to the decline of the American workers global effectiveness (Porter). By requiring a foreign language be learned in high school, the U. S. will growth its workers ability to compete in the global market and their ability to interact with foreign workers.With society becoming more and more global, it will become a necessity to know a foreign language. Export businesss are growing in double digits every year and foreign businesss are expanding at a rapid rate (Porter). Obviously there is a growing need for bilinguals(Porter). At this point, there are more earnings users in Asia than in North America (Foreign Language a Must for lavishly School Graduation). The global economy is diversifying and if the U. S. expects to dominate the market we must follow the trend of our competition. In countries like japan knowing two languages is the standard(Make Foreign Language a High School Requirement).How can we expect to compete with Japan if their workers have a big advantage over U. S. workers in knowing two-fold languages. In terms of foreign language, the U. S. is lagging behind its competition and to observe up we need to follow the trend of requiring a foreign language. The underground to requiring a foreign language in High School moot that it violates the right of students to choose some classes. They say it restricts the number of electives a student can take but a foreign language is farthest more important than some elective.A foreign language class is something that will benefit the student for the rest of their life. Students already have required classes for math, science, English, history, and a fine art, but a language is a fine art. In a foreign language class a student learns near the art of a different culture. For example, on Day of the Dead in Spanish class I learned about Hispanic culture. In creating art similar to what is used in Spain and Mexico on Day of the Dead, I expressed my creativity which is the purpose of an art class. Clearly, foreign language is a fine art, and therefore should be required.The opponents to requiring a foreign language in High School say that everyone else is l earning English so wherefore should we learn foreign languages. This is ignorant because we cant expect everyone to learn English. By not knowing a different countries language, we have no insight into their culture and could never fully understand them. It makes sense to require a foreign language to understand foreign countries and to compete with them. Learning a foreign language needs to be a requirement in High School. The education of foreign language should begin in kindergarten because that is when a child learns best.By learning another language that child benefits through better test scores and improved cognitive abilities. Americans going to other countries would benefit through better understanding that countries culture and not needing an interpreter everywhere they go. The U. S. needs bilingual citizens to interact with other nations (Porter). If we want to be more vendible and compete on a global-scale we must become bilingual. By requiring a foreign language be lea rned in High School, we are creating a brighter and more prosperous future for the United States of America.

Convergence of US GAAP and IFRS Essay

The Norwalk Agreement refers to a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) which was write in kinsfolk of 2002 in Norwalk, Connecticut betwixt the United States fiscal Accounting Standards gore (FASB) and the world-wide Accounting Standard Boards (IASB) The MOU was an stipulation between the two face to, use their best efforts to (a) make their be fiscal reporting standards fully compatible as soon as is viable and (b) to coordinate their future work programs to ensure that once achieved, compatibility is maintained. The original agreement c everyed for all differences between US generally accepted chronicle principles (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) and IFRS (International monetary insurance coverage System to be eliminated by January 1, 2005, that when problems quickly surfaced in this approach and according the US Securities and Ex alteration Commission (SEC) currently has a timeline of 2016 for all US corporations to adopt the IFRS. Before discussing what the effect of these varys are on US Corporations, one must first at a lower placestand the history of twain the FASB/US generally accepted accounting principles and the IASB/IFRS.The monetary Accounting Standards Board was complete by the SEC in 1973 to take over the role of pull ining standards for financial story from the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA)s Accounting Principles Board (APB). The US GAAP are accounting rules used to prepare, present, and report financial statements for a wide variety of entities, including publicly-traded and privately-held companies, non-profit organizations, and governments. The US Government does non outright set accounting standards, instead believing that the private sector has a better ability to set these rules. The US GAAP is not formally written into law, but is instead codified into the FASB Accounting Standards Codification and the pecking order of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.The FASB has four m ajor types of publications it uses to make changes to the US GAAP 1. Statements of pecuniary Accounting Standards the nigh authoritative US GAAP setting publications. 2. Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts Part of the FASBs conceptual mannequin project, these are fundamental objective and concepts that the FASB tolerate use in developing future standards. They are not a part of the US GAAP, but instead represent future goals of the GAAP. 3. Interpretations Interpretations modify or extend existing standards and are a part of the US GAAP. There are currently 48 interpretations available 4. Technical Bulletins These are guidelines on applying standards, interpretations, and opinions. They usually turn a very specific accounting issue that does not slang a significant, long-lasting effect.The International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) is an independent, privately funded organization founded in London, England on April 1, 2001 with the stated objective to develop a sensation set of high quality, chthonianstandable, enforceable, and globally accepted financial reporting standards establish upon clearly articulated principles. To achieve these objectives the IASB has developed the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) and aggressively promoting the use of these standards. As of today over 120 countries all require or permit the use of IFRSs and all members of the G20 have established time lines to adopt the IFRSs in the near future (including the United States.) The IFRSs represent of the standards, interpretations, and frameworks issued by the IASB, and include many of the standards formerly known as International Accounting Standards (IAS) which were issued by the now defunct International Accounting Standards delegacy (IASC) which existed from 1973 until 2001.The IFRSs are principle based standards (as opposed to the US GAAP which uses rules-based standards) that establish broad rules but generally leave specific treatments open to nigh interpretation. IFRSs consist of 1. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) All standards issued after the IASB was founded in 2001. 2. International Accounting Standards (IAS) Standard issues by the IASC prior to 2001. 3. Interpretations from the International Financial Reporting Interpretations Committee (IFRIC) Interpretations issued after 2001. 4. Standing Interpretations Committee (SIC) Interpretations issued before 2001. 5. fashion model for the Preparations and Presentations of Financial Statements A statement of the basic principles of the IFRSs.The framework serves as a guide to resolving accounting issues not specifically addressed in a standard. Having established the backgrounds of the major players to the Norwalk Agreement it is master(prenominal) to understand how this crossroad project forget affect US Corporations in their future financial reporting as the FASB / SEC begins their push towards full integration by the year 2016. As co nverged standards are introduced, many US Corporations will disclose major changes in all neighborhoods of their business activities ranging from financial statements to leasing to employee benefits and although covering all these changes is beyond the scope of this paper, we will present some of the more important changes. The largest major difference between the two regulations is in their scope, and level of counseling for companies in the area of revenue light.The US GAAP has developed critical guidance for many different industries incorporating standards suggested by a multitude of accounting standards organizations in those specific industries. The IFRS, on the other hand, mentions two standards for revenue recognition for guidance and allows companies to determine which method they will use. Another major change for US Companies is in the area of stocktaking existing. Under US GAAP, companies may choose between using LIFO (Last-In-First-Out), FIFO (First-In-First-Out ), or a variety of other inventory valuation methods, in accounting for cost of goods held in inventory. Once the switch is made to IFRS, the use of LIFO for inventory valuation will be prohibited so that all companies will be similar cost formulas. Several additional changes include1. The pick to classify write downs based on either function or spirit under IFRS vs. the requirement to classify expenses based on function only under US GAAP. 2. The requirement to present noncontrolling (minority) interest as a component of equity on the balance sheet under IFRS vs. the requirement under US GAAP to present noncontrolling interest exterior of equity. 3. The ability to use either the proportionate consolidation method or the equity method of accounting for joint venture accounting under IFRS vs. the current requirement to use the equity method of accounting 4. IFRS will allow revaluation of assets for several different classes of assets, even requiring their revaluation on a regular basis whereas currently US GAAP does not permit revaluation under any circumstance.5. Under IFRS, advertising and promotional cost will have to be expensed as incurred vs. the US GAAP which allows for costs to either be expensed as they are incurred, or expense when the advertising takes place for the first time, leaving the choice up to the man-to-man company. While these changes are just a few of the changes which will force companys financial statements there are many changes climax which fall in areas outside financial statements. Nowhere is this clearer than in the area of US regulatory laws. As an article in the Wall road Journal, Closing the Information GAAP, notes that, If an accounting and reporting framework that relies on sea captain judgment rather than detailed rules is to flourish in the U.S., the legal and regulatory environment will need to evolve in ways that breathe to be seen.They suggest that laws in the US will have to come to to accept more ambiguity in a ccounting, and that the change to IFRS could possibly provide in the raw defenses to executives and accountants who try to do the right thing. A final change noted by both the PriceWaterhouseCoopers and Accenture case studies, is the updating, sometimes at a very high cost, of companies Accounting Information Systems to be able to collect, store, and summary financial data in ways that will comply with the new IFRS standards. These two studies both believe that this activity will be the most painful and difficult for the majority of US companies to comply with. 1 . FASB. FASB Financial Accounting Standards Board. Norwalk Agreement. Accessed June 29, 2010. . 2 . SEC. SEC Proposes Roadmap Toward Global Accounting Standards to Help Investors differentiate Financial Information More Easily. Accessed June 29, 2010. < http//www.sec.gov/news/press/2008/2008-184.htm> 3 . FASB. FASB Facts rough FASB. Accessed July 03, 2010. 4 . IFRS Foundation. Who we are and what we do. Published July 2010 5 . IASB. About the IFRS Foundation and the IASB. Accessed July 02 2010. 6 . IAS Plus. Summaries of International Financial Reporting Standards. Accessed July 03 2010. 7 . PriceWaterhouseCoopers. IFRS and US GAAP similarities and differences. September 2009. From the IFRS Readiness Series. 8 . Accenture. Preparing for International Financial Reporting Standards An Opportunity for finance Transformation. 9 . Ernst & Young. US GAAP vs. IFRS The Basics. January 2009. 10 . The Wall bridle-path Journal. Closing the Information GAAP. Accessed July 20 2010.

Farmers Union Iced Coffee, Advertisement

Farmers Federal Iced coffee was launched in 1977 by a group of dairy farmers who were creating a new-fangled recipe for the Royal Ade movee show. The draw beverage is Australias largest selling flavored milk and each year Australians consume in excess of 27 meg litres of the beverage each year. T here(predicate) are a few brains and issues that are raised in the text that I can point prohibited. I speak out that the idea of having an ad about the worlds history and issues while wake normal every day Australians playing out the roles and then able to hide the real message is a sensational advertisement.The general idea in any advertisement is to try and increase the sale and popularity of a product. I have credibly seen the Farmers Union ad a mebibyte prison terms and never re all toldy paid much attention to it honestly non very knowing what they were going on about, but until I had actually taken the time to break it d testify and really think about it did I understa nd and allow for credit for how clever it was.I had an experience where I was in a shop with a check who was looking to buy a drink, while looking at his options I pointed out a Farmers Union Iced Coffee and told him how I finally count on out what they were talking about on the television ad and explained it all out to him. When I told him each and every detail he came up with the decision to buy one, which then occurred to me that the ad was successful because when I maxim the product it reminded me about how good the ad was which then led to me revealing my friend who bought the product. I do believe that the ad does have a negative side to it.Some of the scenes in the advertisement could be anxious to some viewers, for example, the Apollo 1 disaster in which all three of the clump aboard were killed in the fire, the feminist push in the 1970s where a man is seen burning a bra instead getting into the feeble of cricket which is on the TV. I think that it was a gamble to determine these in the ad, they are only peasant but could have stock a fair deed of controversy towards the past and times where heap would not like to have been reminded. Having said that everyone will have their own interpretation about the ad and how it is portrayed.The genre of this advertisement would in my intuitive feeling be comedy, mainly due to the fact that the instruction the ad is produced and I believe that the laid back culture of Australians most people could by chance have a laugh. I get this because of the narrators voice, it almost brings out the way in which we may have acted during those times, like the underarm incident in the 1980s, I think the general action now would be something along the lines of What he did was stupid, but look at how we all reacted of course if I had lived through the particular time that is how I would be looking at it now.I think that they could in all likelihood get away with a bit more than they could because the culture in Australia is seen as a friendly and laid back place, sure times are bad but here we get over them and look back at them while having a laugh. thither is a higher representation of males throughout the whole of the ad. There are only two females showed, one being a minor character who doesnt get much attention paid to her and some other who represents Cathy in 2000.Also neither of the females is drinking the beverage, in each plume where someone is drinking the Iced Coffee it is always a male which could reelect the stereotype that usually only males consume the product because they work out in the hard conditions sweating under the sun. I dont think that it would cause much of a stir or would anyone really realize it, but its something I nibbleed up while reflexion closely.The dominant reading when someone firsts sees this ad I think would definitely be just going along with what the narrator is saying and maybe being confused at what is going on, but still big(a) it the att ention to make sure they tune in next time to the advertisement to be able to fully understand it. It would also probably be easier for someone that would have lived through these times at which the events all occurred or have learned about them through education or interest in areas such as sport or turn to space in order to pick up the hide meanings.The ersatz reading would be getting the ad for its real backgrounds meanings which are disguised through normal looking people, but representing world wide issues. somebody would have to be pretty switched on throughout the adverts between their programs to pick it up. I do not think someone could have reckon out each event the first time they saw the ad, it would probably take someone a few times to see the ad then work it all out.The use of intertextuality in the advertisement of Farmers Union shows Australian tradesmen and hardworking sweaty men drinking it while they are working. It would give the message that this sort of beve rage is for big, strong and tough men and is not for the light hearted. It also shows that if you are in a bad situation, the go around Iced Coffee in Australia will get you through it and it already has through some of the good and bad times shown throughout the advertisement.

Case Analysis: Michael Eisner has More Problems than He Can Face

Eisners Mousetrap Disneys chief executive officer check outs the smart set has a thr mavin of varied chores he can fix. alone what if the real give up is whatalwaysthing he cant face? By Marc Gunther Reporter Associate Carol Vinzant September 6, 1999 peck Magazine) Michael Eisner, the famously hands-on CEO of Walt Disney, is up to his obsolescent tricks. decease wickedness he screened a ungainly cut of Dinosaurs, Disneys big invigorate characterization for next summer he loved the narrative however complained that some jokes were stale. Today hes holding a four-hour brainstorming session ab aside rice paddy Mouse, looking for ways to keep the 71-year-old rodent relevant. One cerebration a skateboarding Mickey. ) Later, hell watch Peter Jennings newscast on Disney- causeed first principle and circuit breaker the lucre to see how the political partys Websites stack up. Is this any way to run the worlds most disruptive entertainment giant? afterwards all, as Eisner sweats the details, honorarium ar dropping, top executives be defecting, and Disney stock is plunging like a ride beat Splash Mountain. Maybe Im crazy, Eisner says, deliver the goodsd I dont consider this a crisis. I dont think our problems atomic number 18 in the fabric of our company. And I dont throw by my wit in the sand. Sitting down for a two-hour interview, he admits mi postal services. He says, for instance, that he should receive settled former studio chief Jeffrey Katzenbergs suit against the company earlier to avoid a parade of horrors (see box). And he concedes that the company has preserve real damage Its like a train wreck, only nonentity got killed. entirely Eisner denies that he has lost his touch. The criticisms of me and Disney today, says the 57-year-old chief executive, ar as brusk as were the praises of me and Disney in the high economic successions. Sunday nights on ABC, Michael Eisner keep CEO, occupancy magazine coer boy, and author of hi s own life storystill hosts The Wonderful World of Disney. The rest of the week, life is not so sweet in the Magic Kingdom. Certainly sh beholders carry reason to face grumpy, with the stock trading at just about 37% below pull by dint of years high. Theres no quick fix in sight each. Tarzan, the $160 zillion summer blockbuster, wont scram much impact on earnings the plastic film cost too much to make and isnt merchandi warble rich T-shirts and toys because the markets engorge with Star Wars stuff.Thats one of the scary things about todays Disney The company has swelled so big and its problems ar so far-reachingranging from the phenomenon of age compression to the explosion of media choicesthat they cant be fixed by a couple of win movies or TV tapes or to a large(p)er extent Disney stores. The early(a) scary thing is this Disney seems less able than ever to cope with adversity. Thats because Eisner, for all his creativity and charisma and grand plans, presides ove r an insularsome say arrogantcorporate culture where decision- devising is hi erarchical, centralized, and slow.Its an press out mis control for the earnings age. This isnt Mickeys house any more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal), says a former Disney insider. Its a multibillion-dollar company. Eisner does vex a plan. He is penetrating costs and reengineering a company that got bloated with success. Hes making overseas growth a top priority. He wants Disney to be an Inter mesh giant, taking on Yahoo and America Online. And, yes, hell keep on tweaking proposition park rides and screening ABC pi troops and driving subordinates up the wall with his tamper, because he fervently believes that if you demand high quality and develop synergy, financial results pass on follow. The interesting thing about our company, Eisner says, which I think is extremely flattering, is that everybody manoeuvers for disposed(p) that we make good products. They think, Oh, the Disney cruise ship, they take a wand and a little pixie dust and all of a sudden you reverse the cruise constancy from floating Vegas hotels to romantic ocean liners. There are zoos all over the world, and up comes the Animal Kingdom. Or Tarzan, or the king of beasts King on Broadwaypeople say, They have no trouble with the originative thing. Well, its the creative thing that turns the company close to. Besides, he declares, a bit impatiently We are the most profitable media company in the world. Were being conceal a little prematurely here. Hes right about the bottom line. Last year Disney reported revenue of $23 billion, run income of $4 billion, and net income of $1. 9 billionits net was far more than that of Time Warner (owner of FORTUNEs parent), newsworthiness Corp. , and Viacom combined. For the current fiscal year, which ends Sept. 0, Disneys revenue is expected to reach $24 billion. But all other key indicators are down, some shockingly so. For the frontmost nine months of fiscal 1999, excluding a one-time gain from an asset sale, Disney reported declines in operating income of 17%, net income of 26%, and earnings per share of 27%. Some Wall Street psychoanalysts have cut their fiscal 1999 earnings estimates as many a(prenominal) as five times since last summer, and 13 of 25 analysts have a hold on the stock, match to Zacks investiture Research.The company has simply stopped growing, and it isnt a momentary dip either Operating income fell slightly last year too, and Disney isnt expected to match its fiscal 1997 earnings until 2001 at the earliesta startling comedown for a company that, for a hug drug after Eisner took over in 1984, delivered one-year profit increases of 20% and a return on equity of 20%. Return on equity, a key benchmark that has been sliding ever since Disneys 1996 union with Capital Cities/ABC, has slipped below 10%, estimates analyst L air travel Martin of Credit Suisse premier(prenominal) Boston. Some people have the impression t hat Disney still is what it wasan animation company that generated great returns on heavy(p), Martin says. But that may be over. Until recently Disney was propelled by a handful of big appraisals that were executed almost flawlessly. First, Disney released its library of high-priced animated films on video simply as VCRs took off nine of the ten stovepipeselling titles of all time are Disney movies, and most, like S instantaneously uncontaminating and Cinderella, were paid for long ago.Second, Eisner and Katzenberg revived Disney animation with instant spotlesss like Aladdin and The social lion King, which made big profits at the box office and on video and spawned even bigger ancillary revenues from licensing and merchandising. Third, Disney built more than 700 sell stores in the U. S. , Europe, and Asia. Finally, the company embarked on a vast expansion of Walt Disney World, creating and update dozens of attractions and building an astonishing 15,000 hotel rooms since 19 88. (They called the dodging Put the heads in the beds. ) Disneys market capitalization soared from about $2 billion before the Eisner era to $85 billion at its peak in April 1998. Thanks to the insurrection stock price, Eisner got fabulously rich too, exercising accumulated stock options that gave him pretax gains of more than $500 million since 1992. He still holds 12. 7 million shares, according to Disneys latest SEC filings, worth about $330 million at todays prices. So whats gone wrong? Start with the fact that all the businesses that powered Disney, with the ejection of the nucleotide put, are slumping.Home-video earnings have tumbled, partly because consumers now have shelves filled with Disney animation. Revenues from licensing and merchandising are down, partly because of the economic downturn in Asia, and sales and profits from the Disney Stores have declined because product lines have grown stale. How many Mickey Mouse T-shirts can you sell? asks Christopher Dixon, entertainment industry analyst for Paine Webber. Alto puddleher, Disneys all-important Creative Content segment, which includes movie and TV production, home video, licensing, merchandising, and the stores, motto its operating income fall from $1. billion in 1997 to $1. 4 billion in 1998 it decreased by another 42% during the first nine months of fiscal 1999. If that were a movie, theyd call it Honey, I Shrunk the Earnings. In Eisners view, the problems are unrelated. A component part of things happened together to make our earnings slide, he says. Disney is attacking each concern, cut down costly production deals in the movie business, releasing fewer live-action movies, resting its classic video titles longer between releases to rekindle demand, and merging overseas scattering forces for film and video.To boost demand for consumer goods, the company depart try to consecrate marketing in big retailers such as Wal-Mart. Wed like to have a Disney boutique to sell the T-shirt, t he lunchbox, the sheets and towels, says Peter Murphy, Disneys self-as indisputabled 36-year-old head of strategical planning. Suppose, though, that the dec ocean liner sales of videos and merchandise reflect a more fundamental issueweakness in the Disney brand. This notion is such heresy inside Disney that everyone, including Eisner, dismisses it out of hand. We have research on our brand in 20 or 30 countries, and we are almost without exception the none 1 or No. 2 brand, Eisner says. Disney executives say that if the brand were in trouble, Disneys theme parks would be suffering along with the rest of the company as it is, theyre groweven the one in France. In the theme parks and resorts segment, revenues and operating income grew by 10% and 13%, respectively, in 1998, and theyve grown by 14% and 13% so far this year. We have as many kids lining up to see Mickey Mouse as ever, says Paul Pressler, 43, the electric chair of Walt Disney Attractions. And our merchandise has done g reat. Disney World has reached beyond its core audience of vernal families to beckon convention-goers, older people, and pre-families, which is Disney- intercommunicate for single people. And its capturing more money from visitors who stay in all those new hotels. Sure, Disneys theme parks ruleits parents who decide on family vacationsbut the brand isnt holding up as well in crowded arenas like video crippleds and note TV, where kids are more autonomous. Disneys interactive unit is an as well as-ran in the booming videogame business.On cable, the Disney Channel ranks a sad third in viewing among kids ages 2 to 11, behind market leader jukebox and the Cartoon Network. Both Nick and Cartoon, relative newcomers to the kids business, exploited Disneys vulnerabilities. The Nickelodeon prospect was to get inside the lives of todays kids, says Nickelodeon chairwoman Herb Scannell. Weve been contemporary. Theyve been traditional. objet dart Disney characters are drawn from myths, history, and storybooksjust about every big Disney animated feature could begin with the phrase long ago and far awayNickelodeons TV shows and movies tell stories about real kids.Today the Viacom unit captures more than 50% of the audience of all childrens TV programming. When Disney tries to exude a hipper aurathink of the bestselling Phil Collins soundtrack from Tarzanthe company is more likely to speak to baby-boomer parents than to their offspring. Heres where that idea of age compression comes into play. Kids grow up faster these days, the experts say, and start emulating juvenile behavior when theyre 9 or 10. They rebel against their parents and shy away from a good for you brand like Disney.Ten-year-old boys who watch wrestling or southern Park on cable and 9-year-old girls who love Ricky Martin think Disney is for little kids. Theyve never gotten past the problem that their core audience is girls 2 to 8 and their moms, says a former Disney executive. And even among young kids, the hot properties lately are Nickelodeons blue devils Clues, PBSs Tele-tubbies and Nintendos Pokemon, now a hit TV show on the kids WB, moreover another new kid-vid network. The cluttered kids marketplace points to another fundamental problem facing Disneycompetition on a scale the company hasnt confront before, across all its businesses.Warner, Dreamworks, and Fox do feature animation. Universal just ease uped a second Florida theme park. Fox Sports is taking on ESPN. Can you begin to see why managing Disney today is harder than it was a decade ago? What falsifyd everything, of course, was Eisners boldest stroke as CEO his $19 billion coalition with Cap Cities. That deal, cheered at the time, still appears strategically soundthe idea was to unify Disney content with first principle broadcast and cable distribution. The problem has been execution. While ESPN and other cable properties have grown, no unit of the company is as hem in as ABC.It depart lose money this ye ar for the first time in a decade, disdain a fantastic advertising marketplace, because audiences are splintering and programming costs keep climbing. (Disney agreed low competitory pressure to spend $9. 2 billionthats right, billionfor NFL rights for ABC and ESPN through 2008. ) Operating income for the companys broadcasting segment, which includes ABC, its TV stations, 80% of ESPN, the Disney Channel, ABC Radio, and stakes in Lifetime, A&E, the History Channel, and E Entertainment, grew by just 3% last year its down 18% so far this year, in general because of ABC. Id be the first to say the results of the ABC television network, particularly in prime time, have been disappointing since the merger, says Robert A. Iger, 48, the lifelong ABC executive who is chairwoman of ABC Inc. While Igers bailiwick extends way beyond the network, he keeps a close watch on programming and told FORTUNE in 1997, rush time is my No. 1 priority. Since then, ABCs ratings for its 18- to 49-year -old target demographic have fallen by another 13%, leaving the network No. 3, behind NBC and Fox. Oops. Wait, it gets worse. Remember how the merger was supposed to marry content and distribution?Thats not working well either. Owning and broadcasting a hit, then selling the reruns, is the best way to make big money today in television. Just ask Rupert Murdoch, whose Twentieth Century Fox TV studio not only owns the biggest hits on FoxThe Simpsons, The X-Files, and Ally McBealbut too produces The Practice and Dharma & Greg for ABC, as well as key shows for NBC, CBS, and the WB. By contrast, Disneys Touchstone Television production studio has failed to develop a prime-time hit for ABC or anyone else since creating Home Improvement in 1991.Out of cut off frustration, Eisner last month merged the Touchstone studio into ABC the idea is to save money and force the two units to co decease. Its a fantastic opportunity to reengineer the way television is done, says Lloyd Braun, the st udio chair who co-chairs the merged unit with ABCs Stu Bloomberg. Like a movie studio, ABC Entertainment now pass on develop, own, finance, and distribute more of its own content. The trouble is, the new model could legal tender ABC off from the rest of the television world. While ABC executives say theyll still buy shows from studios like Warner Bros. nd Fox, the studios worry about doing business with the new, vertically integrated ABC. Youre going to have to demonstrate to me in apparent ways that Im going to get a fair shake, says Sandy Grushow, chairwoman of Foxs Twentieth Century Television. The other networks, meanwhile, suspect that any show they get pitched by a Disney entity will be an ABC reject. beyond that, the merger adds another layer and the prospect of infighting at ABC Entertainment, now run by a posse that includes newcomer Braun, programmers Bloomberg and Jamie Tarses, network President Pat Fili-Krushel, ABC Inc. resident Steve Bornstein, and Bob Iger, who st ill reads scripts of key ABC shows on weekends. Nor is Eisner shy about weighing in he helped sort the fall lineup and ordered ABC to negotiate tougher deals with its affiliates and program suppliers, which are not happy. This spotment by committee has never worked in television, and its not working at Disney-ABC. There is much more at stake here than the unwieldy operation of the TV unit. The new ABC social organisation is emblematic of what may be Eisners thorniest problem, if only because he doesnt seem to make it Its Disneys corporate culture.Under Capital Cities, ABC was run in a determinedly decentralized way executives were given authority and responsibility as long as they exercised fiscal discipline, and the company was generally well run. The Disney court reflects different values centralized control, an obsession with synergy at the spending of individual business units, a suspicion of out of doorsrs, and a muddying of responsibility. The results speak for themselv es. report about the Disney culture is tricky because knowledgeable critics are unwilling to speak on the record the companys just too powerful.But talk to enough people and you hear similar complaints. One persistent theme Eisner insists on making too many decisions himself, which clogs the decision-making process. So do the roomfuls of strategic planners who give way everything. A second complaint Eisners too tough. Working with Disney is notoriously difficult, so much so that a group of partners, including Coca-Cola, ATT, Delta, and Kodak, used to watch informally to trade tips on how to cope. A related point about Eisner In spite of his affability, he doesnt really value other people.Thats one reason the death of his longtime second-in-command, Frank Wells, in 1994, was a creative event. Wells commanded Eisners respect like no one else, told him when he was off-base, and deftly softened his edges. They were a great team. Eisner tried to replace him with Michael Ovitz, a po lar error at just the wrong moment. Ovitzs have a go at itment got the ABC merger off to a dismal start, and his 16-month tenure scarred the company. Since then, strong executives have left, among them former CFOs Stephen Bollenbach and Richard Nanula, Internet guru Jake Winebaum, and former ABC executives Geraldine Laybourne and Steve Burke.Finally, the critics say, the company has simply grown too big to be run from the top down. Eisners approach worked for the old Disney, where the direction was on a single brand he could take in a cadre of executives at his Monday lunches and get things done. right off Disney must manage multiple brands in a world where speed counts and partnerships are vital. A respected ex-Disney executive told me, The company has replaced and the world has changed, but Michael hasnt changed. Now hes got to change. Eisner and his lieutenants turn out at the criticism from unnamed sources, and you cant blame them.Yes, they say, Disney is tough, but so are GE and Microsoftwhich, by the way, lose lots of executives, too, because they have an abundance of talent. To the take that he meddles, Eisner pleads guilty with an explanation He wants Disney to excel. (Even his detractors say he has great instincts. ) When he heard from a friend that the cast members at Disneyland genus Paris werent as helpful as those at Walt Disney World, he recommended better training. Is that meddling or is that insisting on a high standard of faithfulness? Eisner asks. If theres an area where I think I can add value, I dive in.Yes, at certain times I paralyze people. Im never satisfied. It gets people crazy, I know that. But Eisner also says he leaves his best executives, like theme park chief Pressler, alone. Theres no brain drain, he says. We have unbelievably strong management. Eisners turnaround strategy focuses not on Disneys culture but on operations, fiscal engineering, and growth. Consolidation and cost cutting are already under way across the b oard, with the movie variant leading the way. Studio chief Joe Roth has already cut spending by about $550 million annually, by making fewer movies. It focuses everyone much more closely on the films at hand, Roth says, and ironically, I am quite sure thatfor the fifth time in six yearswe will be No. 1 in market share again this year. Disney is also looking to sell Fairchild Publications, a magazine company. Sources say Disney also expects to spell off a big chunk of the $9. 2 billion NFL deal. In a move that should please Wall Street, CFO Thomas O. Staggs is reworking Disneys fee system so that executives will be evaluated on cash fly the coop and return on equity as well as on reported earnings thats designed to encourage business units to use capital more efficiently.The theme park segment, in particular, has been a huge consumer of capital, but it will use less after new parks open near Disneyland and Tokyo Disneyland in 2001. Disneys best growth opportunity probably lies o verseas. Right now, the company gets about 21% of its revenues from abroad, less than other ball-shaped brands like Coca-Cola (63%) or McDonalds (61%). Thats why Bob Igers recent promotion to president of Walt Disney International puts him in a crucial role, spearheading what Eisner calls a monumental change in the way the company is structured. Iger has begun to overhaul all of Disneys operations outside the U. S. , which grew up haphazardly as each businessfilm, TV, the stores, cable, or theme parksbuilt foreign outposts that reported back to the home office. Now those businesses will also report to regional executives in charge of continents or key countries each territory will also get its own CFO and brand manager. That may sound like more Disney layering, but Iger says it offers major advantages. First, the company will save money through consolidation, whether in renting office space or buying advertising.Disney also expects to do a better job of tapping into local trends. I ger cites a revealing congresswoman Its having someone in Japan who would see the Pokemon phenomenon at an early lay out and have the clout, really, through me, someone who has a seat at Michaels table, to be able to raise the consciousness level of the company about that strength quickly and effectively. Interestingly, the idea is not to delegate authority but to shorten the distance between the rest of the world and Eisner. Eisners other major focus is the Internet.Here, too, centralization is the watchword. Last month Disney agreed to combine its Internet assets with Infoseek, a search engine and portal company that it is buying outright the properties, including the Go portal, ABCNews. com, ESPN. com, Disney. com, Family. com, and others scattered in five locations on both coasts, will operate as a single unit under a CEO to be named later. This is to consolidate the Internet assets so that we can have them under common management with one agenda and one vision, says CFO Sta ggs, the 38-year-old interior decorator of Disneys Internet strategy.The company will then issue a trailing stock called go. com that can be used as acquisition capital and a way to compensate talent. Disneys assets should make it a force online. Its ESPN. com and Disney family sites are category leaders, and the company has unparalleled promotional platforms in ABC and ESPN. In a matter of months, they helped make Go the fifth-ranked portal, behind AOL, Yahoo, Microsoft, and Lycos. And all the Disney Websites should sing when high-speed access makes it easier to watch video online. As bandwidth expands, Eisner says, content becomes more important.You must have sports and news and entertainment, or you are going to be a Western Union messenger in a fax world. He envisions a universe in which ABC News clips, ESPN game highlights, and movies like Aladdin are distributed online, cutting out middlemen like cable operators or Blockbuster Video. I believe the entire companys product w ill loosely be distributed through the Internet, Eisner says. Hes a passionate Internet user too, peppering his net guys with suggestions. Says Staggs The only person I get more e-mail from than Michael is my mom. The strategy sounds smart. Of course, buying ABC sounded smart too.Once again, itll come down to execution. Patrick Keane, a Jupiter Communications analyst, likes Disneys web assets but worries that diversified media companies move at frosty speed when it comes to the Internet. Disney cant be as focused on new media as people at AOL and Yahoo are every day. And the straitlaced Mouseketeers will have to learn to live in an unbuttoned Internet culture, says new-media adviser Gary Arlen of Bethesda, Md. Have you ever been to Disney World? he asks. You walk out of a ride and land in a place that sells souvenirs. Theyd like to manage the Internet that way. Even with perfect execution, Disneys Internet investments need time to acquit off in the meantime, theyll dilute ea rnings. Time is what Eisner needs too. Time for the cable and phone companies to help make his broadband Internet vision a reality. Time to build overseas. Time for DVD to take hold and provide another chance to resell the library. Time to create the next Tarzan and a hit for ABC, time for new theme parks to open, time to reinvent Mickey once more. Time, perhaps, to appoint a strong second-in-command with clout, whether its Bob Iger or Paul Pressler or a dark horse who has yet to emerge.Because he enjoys the support of the Disney board, Eisner can be patient. Were in a transition period, he says. I would rather have every quarter be up. It was for 13 years. Everybody loves you. But you cant manage a company like ours quarter to quarter, maniacally, so that the media will write good things about you. He likes to quote Warren Buffett, whose Berkshire Hathaway, at last count, owned 51 million Disney shares I close my look and think about what a companys going to look like in ten year s before I invest. Paine Webbers Chris Dixon says Disneys assets are top-notch It may take time, but we believe the values are there. Other investors wont wait. They note that despite the earnings downturn, Disney is still priced as a growth stock it trades at about 35 times this years projected earnings, a 25% agio to the SP 500. The Capital Research Management Group, whose entertainment industry investments are managed by respected media analyst Gordon Crawford, used to be Disneys largest institutional shareholder, with 41 million shares as recently as last year.Crawford has exchange them all. So be it, says Eisner. You can always tell your friends through the rough times, he says. He still gets to go to the movies, test-drive theme park rides, surf the Net, and call it work. And maybe its just his turn to suffer in the media doghouse. After all, CEOs Gerald Levin of Time Warner and Sumner Redstone of Viacom fell out of favor when they struggled to get their arms around compan ies engorged by big acquisitions. Such mergers arent easy.The challenge for Eisner is to learn from experience, show a little humility, seize the opportunity to shake up his company, and, perhaps, change his own stripes and let go a little. Thats a lot to ask of anyone whos been as successful as he has for so long. But this isnt the old Disney. And the old Disney magic just isnt working anymore. REPORTER plug in Carol Vinzant http//money. cnn. com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1999/09/06/265291/index. htm

How does Shakespeare compare and contrast the characters of Antonio and Shylock in the trial scene? Essay

Shakespeare portrays the characters shylock and Antonio in the mental testing exposure to be victims of the psychometric test scene. In my opinion, moneylender is the main victim as he is discriminated for following a different religion to allone else in the romance. be a Jew meant that the otherwise people in the court were racist against moneylender meaning that they treated him unfairly in comparison to Antonio who was helped in every bureau so that he could win the trial and usurer would non get his pound of flesh. Shakespeare uses style to create an movie of what the characters are similar for the auditory modality so they consider what the situation is alike for both of the characters. keep with language, Shakespeare uses violent, strong and hateful language when loan shark is mouth to show that he is very strong willed and confident when claiming something that is his own. Shakespeare withal focuses primarily on faithfulness when Shylock is speaking to sh ow that Shylock depends on the law to induct his case for his pound of flesh. However Shakespeare uses softer, calm and passive language when Antonio is speaking to get across to the reader that Antonio is very resigned and defeatist in the trial it makes him seem resigned and that he doesnt have any hope any more than. Shakespeare doesnt so much focus on the law when Antonio is speaking scarce of the good will of Shylock and if he will show mercy. In spite of this, Shylock does non show mercy and tries to convince the duke to tolerate him his pound of flesh. Shakespeare uses comparison between Christians and Shylock as a way of convincing the duke. In farm animal 89 103 Shylock talks round the slaves that the duke and umpteen other Christians have. You have among you many a purchased slaves is a line Shakespeare uses when Shylock is public lecture.These slaves that the duke and other Christians have purchased belong to them and so they can do what they please with them. Th is is the same with Shylocks pound of flesh it belongs to him and so he can do whatever he wants with it whether he chooses to slash it off or not. On the other hand Antonio does not shin for his case as hard as Shylock does. In lines 114 118 Shakespeare writes in such a way that the reference thinks that Antonio has stooln up. Meetest for death the weakest sweet of fruit this means that Antonio is prepared for death and that he calls himself the weakest of all Christians. These lines manifestly explain that Antonio is weak and he has no hope of living. Shakespeare uses words like tainted, drops earliest and weakest to make the audience tactile property sorry for Antonio because there is  vigour a weak Christian could do in his situation. In lines 117 and 118 Antonio maintains to Bassanio that it is rectify that you live so you can remember me. Shakespeare does this to show the audience that he is, in a way, rateing goodbye to his friend. Following on from this, Anto nio has many people in the court who are friends of his so they stay solidus towards him. Unlike Shylock who has many enemies in the court who detest him for mainly his religion but also for the bond he has oer Antonio. In lines 128 138 Shakespeare uses harsh language to depict Gratiano to have a monumental aversion over Shylock.Line 128 governed a masher, who hanged for human slaughter, Shakespeare makes the audience escort that Gratiano sees Shylock as no more than a vile wolf who should be hanged for the bond he has over Antonio. Throughout the whole of lines 128 138 Gratiano expresses his crime by comparing Shylock to inexecrable dog and wolves to show the audience that he thinks Shylock should be treated as these animals are treated. Antonio too is treated poorly, but instead of the court treating him unfairly, Shylock treats him unfairly. Too often is Antonio victimized by Shylock because Shylock feels he has a hold over Antonio because of the bond he agreed to. In li ne 139 Shakespeare makes the audience feel sorry for Antonio by making the other characters in the court conjure to him as a pound of flesh and a bond. This gives the impression that Shylock has control over Antonio and that Antonio is only there for so that Shylock can call back his pound of flesh. Shakespeare makes the audience feel that Shylock does not see him as an ordinary Christian but he sees him as his own bond and his own pound of flesh that is rightfully his by law.However, unlike Shylock, Portia doesnt use law when she first arrives at the court instead she pleas for mercy from Shylock. In lines 180 201 Portia presents her speech about how Shylock should be tender-hearted towards Antonio as he is offering to pay more than his original price of ducats. But also Portia says that he should try to be a good Jew and allow mercy on Antonio so that his liveliness will not be lost. Shakespeare gives Portia this thoughtful speech to show the audience how desperately she is t rying to find a way to keep Antonio alive. Shakespeare also uses words like heaven and god to show that Shylocks religion has a lot to do with the mercy he should give Antonio. Unfortunately Shylock does not care for mercy, love or knowledge instead the most important things to Shylock are his money and possessions. Shylock is very different to Antonio and Bassanio as they care about each other through love and friendship. In lines 260 277 Antonio says goodbye to Bassanio his dear friend Shakespeare uses language to prove Antonio and Bassanios friendship. Give me your hand, Bassanio. Fare you well, Shakespeare gives the affect that Antonio is talking soft and calm to his friend so that he can say goodbye properly. To let the wretched man outline his wealth, Antonio says this to Bassanio to say that Shylock is an evil man who has favoured wealth and possession over an unsophisticated life.Luckily Antonio did not have to say goodbye to Bassanio as Portia gear up a pothole in t he bond meaning that Shylock was not allowed to take a Christian citizens blood or take more or less than the pound of flesh so Shylock said that he would not take the flesh and leave. In lines 343 359 Portia is not merciful to Shylock to let him walk free as he was not merciful to Antonio even though he had many chances to be. Shakespeare does this to enlighten a lesson so that the audience knows that they should treat others how they would like to be treated. In this case Shylock should have been merciful so that the duke and Portia could be merciful back. Ultimately I think both characters were victimised in the trial scene but for different reasons. Shylock was victimised for being a different religion to those in the court whereas Antonio was victimised just for being hated by Shylock. I think the main problem is racialism between the two religions that causes unfair treatment but most of the racialism was put on Shylock. All in all, Shakespeare successfully manages to make t he audience sympathize for both characters throughout the trial scene.

Describe and Evaluate two theories of the formation of romantic relationships Essay

In 1970 Byrne and Clore introduced the avenge/ need satisfaction system for the formation of relationships. They suggested that we are attracted to individuals whose presence is honour for us, and that naturally we find stimuli rewarding if it meets an unmet need the much rewards person provides for us, the more we should be attracted to them. They believed that the formation if relationships was connect with the idea of classical and operant conditioning, with operant conditioning we are potential to repeat behaviours that leads to a desirable bulgecome and avoid behaviours that lead to hateful ones, so we enter the relationships because the presence of some individuals is directly sortd with reinforcement, making us give birth positive feelings, which makes them more attractive to us.For classical conditioning, we tend to elect bulk who we associate with pleasant event, so for example if we meet psyche somewhere where we are having a good time, then we will associate t his person with this good time and find them more attractive in the long run. Byrne and Clore believed that the balance between positive and negative feelings in a relationship was crucial as relationships where the positive outweigh negative feelings were more likely to develop and succeed.Griffitt and Guay (1969), instrumentalists were evaluated on a creative task by an experimenter and then asked to rate how much they liked the experimenter. The rating was highest when the experimenter had positively evaluated the participants performance on the task. This study supports the claim that we like pot who are associated with pleasant events. This provides strong support that kindredity is important in attraction, but also highlights reciprocal liking also is agentive role in the formation of relationships however this may non be the only factor influencing this.The experiment was only of an imaginary description, the participant is unlikely to truly leaven how they feel towards the stranger. The experiment doesnt demonstrate interaction of population, but preferably just presents a record about them, which reduces how far conclusions can be drawn. Although similarity may be a factor, how people socially interact is also important to how a personperceives another.In a research research laboratory experiment, Lehr and Gehr (2006) studied participants of both sexes to test the importance of reciprocal liking. Knowing that someone likes you is particularly rewarding and so is more likely to end up in mutual liking. Participants were given a description of a stranger, with alter degrees of similarity of the strangers attitude to the participants. In each description was a statement that the stranger either liked or did not like the participant. Researchers comprise significant effects for attitude similarity and liking. However this study doesnt have ecological validity from where it was done in a lab setting and didnt reflect real life situation or cond itionsHowever Cate et al (1982) asked 337 individuals to assess their current relationships in landmarks of reward level and satisfaction. Results showed that reward level was superior to all other factors in determining relationship satisfaction, however this theory only explores the receiving of rewards, the results may not be completely accurate though as some people may have picked the socially desirable answers. These studies all ignore natures submit on attraction and that it is to some extent an evolutionary need to have a associate that meets physical requirements.This model may be actually culturally bound as all the studies done were in the western sandwich worlds individualistic cultures. In other cultures one partner may not expect rewards and may be entirely giving, or arranges marriages will also go against this theory as the long term is made to happen. For example, Lott (1994) suggests that in many cultures women are more focused on the needs of others rather tha n receiving reinforcement. This suggests that this theory is not a universal news report of relationship formation and therefore culturally biased.However, this theory is supported by another theory on how relationships are formed Byrne, Clore and Smeatons Similarity surmise (1986) states that it is important that people are similar in order to be able to form a relationship. They theorise that there are cardinal stages to deciding who to seek relations with first we sort out the people most dissimilar to us andsecondly then seek out those who are most similar. Caspi and Herbener found that in married couples, those who were the happiest were those with the most similar personality traits.

Many Epic Heroes Struggle to Return Home

The following essay is a comparison analysis of the circumstances of the bear and consecrate of the main suits from The Odyssey, contemporaries 4 and Ramayana. The three work force differ in motivation besides ar all led by a spiritual power.Odysseus is a Gordian main character. The king is not save a brave, searching warrior who is highly respected by the gods and mortals, but he has obvious damaging qualities making it difficult at times for the reader to sympathize with him.Odysseus complex character and poor judg handst causes him to partake in dangerous adventures prolonging his arrest. adept example is when he sails to Ismarus and fightings the Cicones. Once chased bandaging to sea Odysseus arrogantly announced his name to Polyphemus as he sailed a musical mode. This announcement creates another battle for his life once Polyphemus identifies Odysseus as the man who took his sight to his father Poseidon and a plan for revenge on Odysseus is made.Odysseus did not ho wever energize to launch himself as a hero. He was considered a hero before sledding for Troy. It was not the desire to be a hero that drove him to his many adventures and battles it was victory which motivated Odysseus.Cain, unlike Odysseus, is not perceived as a hero. He is responsible for his fate of exile when he takes the life of his sidekick and lies about the murder to graven image. Cain is not considered noble or heroic for his choices in life. In contrast, in Ramayana, Rama can be perceived as a noble man. Rama does not question his fathers order of banishment. Rama lives gibe to his Dharma, which is evident through his actions. An example of his noble actions is when his step-brother Bharata finds out about his mothers dim acts which led to Ramas banishment and Bharata becoming king.When Bharata approaches Rama in the woods, Rama refuses to go back to the domain and claim his rightful thrown, because it would be against his fathers orders. Odysseus art object hero ic would not be considered noble because of his deceitful and selfish ways. Self-righteousness, thievery and dishonesty caused Odysseus to continuously engage in dangerous adventures. Rama was not flaw in character and did not put himself or his companions in harms way due to selfish behavior he was an honest and selfless man.The return of both Odysseus and Rama are akin unlike their exile. Both men return to their kingdom to successfully carry out their rule. Their homecoming differs however Odysseus returns with vengeance, insist his authority killing the suitors who had caused so much grief in his absence. Odysseus exile and return are influenced heavily by the gods. Once reunited with his father, the suitors families come for revenge. It is simply with the influence of Athena that civil war does not break out. Ramas return is a more joyous and celebrated return. He returns to effect the rightful king and has a successful rule, where the people of his kingdom are very please d. exclusively three stories, Ramayana, The Odyssey and Genesis 4 involve foretell intervention and spiritual influence. The lives of the three main characters, Odysseus, Rama and Cain are influenced by a higher power. The gods are heavily involved in the events taken repoint in The Odyssey especially Athena. Rama lives his life before, during and after exile according to his Dharma and Cain is in a spiritual exile from God and prosperity.Selfishness and deceitfulness are similar characteristics in both Cain and Odysseus. Cain lies to God when asked of the whereabouts of his brother. Odysseus lies continuously throughout The Odyssey. Both men are responsible for their exile, with the exception of Odysseus original reason for leaving his kingdom the war in Troy. Rama is not responsible for his exile however it is his step-mother who demands his banishment.All three men struggle to return to their homes. Odysseus struggle is primarily personal he has many battles to be won before r eturning home. His character does not, for the most part, grow emotionally. Rama, while following his Dharma, struggles emotionally with the disappearance of Sita and does have some physical battles with the rakshasas during his exile. Cains struggle is spiritual after be exiled by God, he is forced to live destitute, with barren land and without Gods grace.In conclusion, Odysseus, Cain and Rama all differ in character it is only Rama that continues to act righteously during exile while the other two men act in self-righteousness causing their predicaments. They all however seek to be home Odysseus and Rama seek their kingdoms and Cain seeks the good graces of God.ReferencesMack, M., Knox, B., McGalliard, J.C., Pasinetti, P.M., Hugo, H.E., Spacks, P.M., Wellek, R., Douglas, K. and Lawall, S. (1992). World Masterpieces. The Norton Anthology. (6th ed., vol. 1). Norton & Co., New York.Ramayana Summary. (n.d.). Retrieved whitethorn 19, 2007     

Notes on the Auteur Theory Essay

The auteur theory consists of a coachs witness personality or attitude in each assume that they create. Each snap has his or her own style and they use their own personal technique in each picture palace differently. In the expression entitled Notes on the Auteur Theory, written by Andrew Sarris, he states that in that location atomic number 18 three different premises of the auteur theory. The first premise is the technical competency of a rent managing director as a criterion of value. A director can be either good or bad, it all depends on the types of films they create.The second premise of the auteur theory is the distinguishable personality of the director as a criterion value. In every film a director correlates his or her own personality into the premise of the film in close to way. This creates a relationship between how the film looks and moves to how the director thinks and tactile propertys. The third and final examination premise of the auteur theory acco rding to Sarris is concerned with interior meaning, the ultimate glory of the cinema as an art. This premise projects the directors attitude towards vivification during their films or their vision on the world.Over the years, many directors have met the criteria of an auteur director, hardly none have fit the characteristics of suspense and mystery like Alfred Hitchcock has. Alfred Hitchcock was natural in Leytons belief, London England on August 13th, 1899.He had ii old siblings, William and Eileen and the three of them grew up in a strict catholic family with their parents named William Hitchcock and Emma Jane Whelan. Hitchcock did non join the film industry until the 1920s, and prior to that he attended St. Ignatius College and a school for engineering and navigation. In the beginning of his film work, Hitchcock began drawing sets because of his skills in art and eventually got into film reservation. Some of Hitchcock include, The Pleasure Garden, Jamaica Inn, Frenzy, The Lady Vanishes, Psycho, The Rear Window, The Lodger, Vertigo, and telephone dial M for Murder. In 1942, after Hitchcock directed a film called, Saboteur, film companies began referring to his film after himself such as Alfred Hitchcocks Psycho, Alfred Hitchcocks Family Plot, Alfred Hitchcocks Frenzy.Hitchcock was awarded the Life Achievement Award on March 7th, 1979 and by this age he was be approach very ill. Unfortunately, Alfred Hitchcock passed away on April 29th, 1980 from a renal failure. Hitchcock may be gone, but his films are never forgotten and to this daytime Hitchcock leave behind be remembered as the most famous suspenseful and dim film doctorrs. (IMDB, N. P) Alfred Hitchcock, said, There is no terror in the bang, only the anticipation of it. This statement falls true in almost all of Hitchcocks films.An auteur director illuminates the style of a single artist through a friendliness of formal elements, and one of Hitchcocks elements that he incorporates in his films is the use of suspenseful strengthen during real moving pictures. (Bywater, 52) In the film, Dial M for Murder, Alfred applies ominous tones to make the interview on the edge of their seats. During the perspective when Margot is ab show up to be murdered, the music starts off slow and begins to increase in volume mightily originally the murderer strangles her, forcing the audience to wonder what will occur next.The alike(p) type of suspense is used during the film, Vertigo. There is a painting when toilet is attempting to makeover Judy to fit the aspects of a former lover, Madeline. While he is awaiting her comer from the bathroom, the tone of the score begins to rise. As John is anticipating Judys appearance, the music starts to grow and right before she opens the door of the bathroom, the volume is at its loudest, making the suspense for her arrival at its peak for the audience. A nonher thought from Vertigo is when John follows Madeline to search her jump off o f the bridge into the San Francisco bay.Prior to her jump, the music is light and calming, making the audience wonder why John and Madeline are there. The moment Madeline dives into the bay, the tone immediately heightens and the audience feels a sense of terror not clear-sighted what discovered to her. Hitchcock incorporates this style of score into one of his most famous films, Psycho. In an phrase its states that Psycho is the become of all modern suspense films, and the audience witnesses this in one of the most famous scenes from the film, the death of the main actress, Marian, during a shower stall (The Greatest Films).As Marian steps in and begins to take a shower, there is no music playing. While the scene progresses and the shadow of the mystify begins to appear, as does the screeching music. This high-pitched tone terrifies the audience as the mother quickly kills Marion. Hitchcock combines the use of score and the use of a drawn out dialogue scenes to create a sense of anxiety between the characters. By using long dialogue scenes, Hitchcock is able to create anticipation from scene to scene, allowing the audience to wonder what will come after.In Dial M for Murder, there is a scene between Tony and Swan discussing how the two will kill Tonys wife, Margot. The two deeply discuss what will happen during the murder and as the scene progresses the audience becomes worried whether or not the plan will succeed. Hitchcock used the same technique in the film Vertigo during a scene between John and Meredith. The scene consists of the two in the woods while Meredith begins to go into an odd mental breakdown. The audience learns that there is something deeply wrong with Meredith and that John is trying to help her.This scene shows the progression of Merediths condition, causing the audience to think about what is left hand to come. The same technique appears in the film Psycho during an intense discourse between Norman and Marion. This is the first nig ht that Marion stays in the theater with Norman and his mother. Norman begins a conversation with her, but instead of coming off friendly, Norman starts to become much more creepy. As the scene advances, Marion begins to become scared of Norman and starts to feel unsafe in his presence.This scene gives the audience a feel of uncertainty with Norman and begins to see that there is something wrong with the man. With the use of long dialogue scenes, Hitchcock was able to convey certain emotions within the scenes to the audience. Alfred Hitchcock will go down in filmmaking history as an auteur director because of his use of both suspenseful score and long inscrutable dialogue scenes. Throughout every one of his films, the audience is able to feel scared without the use of cheesy tactics, but from intelligent techniques that incorporate Hitchcocks personality and the use of his own spin on every film he creates.

Mpw1153 Moral Education Essay

ASSIGNMENT 1 ETHICAL DECISION-MAKINGWe keep back choices every day. Some of our choices atomic number 18 practical conclusivenesss around what will perish best, look prettier, feel softer, taste sweeter, what to eat today or culture longer. Those decisions dont necessarily involve right or improper they involve efficiency, availability, practicality or preference. For those choices itemisation your options, gather information ab step forward your choices, list the pros and cons for each one, select the best option and there you have it a real decision. On the separate hand many of our choices are about doing the right thing. Each of these choices involves thousands of messages whirling inside the brain. In a rip second our minds review the facts, explore our feelings, study consequences, compare the options against our beliefs and priorities, consider what others may think, and give the cue for action. Decisions happen so quickly but the consequences arse hold up a lifet ime.Thats why careful consideration is important. A code of ethics can help. It determines direction in our lives. Important decision take time and need to be think it carefully make what you do will affect the people around you. Say, you are a CEO in the process of finalising a business partnership which is vital for the survival of your company, and then you are appalled to discover at the last minute that your prospective partner is involved in systematic grafting of tax officials in one of the main countries where you are hoping to expand the foodstuff for your product.So long as nobody knows that you know you overheard a discourse in a lift, or accidentally saw an email think for someone else. You have the option of turning a blind eye. If and when the get down practices are brought to light, you can claim that the wool was pulled over your eyes. By that time, your end sheet will be looking healthier and you can sustain to break with your partner and let them face the t rouble alone. There is no doubt that such a course of action is un honourable. But in a real life post, the alternative option might be a very difficult decision to take, especially if there is a real danger that without this partnership your company will go out of business.Self-interest is a valid consideration. A company is non involve tosacrifice its interests and those of its shareholders for the greater good. However, the case we are now describing goes well beyond legitimate self-interest. The problem, bluntly, is one of weakness of will. You know what you should do, but are slow to bite the bullet.And the other situation, a freak accident occurs at a chemical factory with a previously exemplary safety record, and a man dies. An investigation into the causes of the accident recommends measures to prevent similar accidents happening in the future. However these changes would be prohibitively expensive to implement. The CEO faces the choice of decision down the plant with the loss of hundreds of jobs, or allowing the plant to continue with changes in procedure which reduce the risk but do non communicate it entirely.We are asked to determine the value of eliminating a small but probative risk of injury or death versus the value of continuing to add employment. A dogmatic response would be to say that no value, besides great, can be put on a mans life. However, if that principle were to be put literally into practice, daily life would manufacturing plant to a halt. Even if only one person a form died in a car accident, all private transport would be banned. So, while we pay lip service to the belief that a tender-hearted life is beyond measure, in practice decisions are made which are inconsistent with that belief.A genuinely difficult ethical decision, on the other hand, is one where with the best will in the world you do not know what you should do. The problem here is not with the will but with ethical knowledge. The wise decision maker has the ethical knowledge that the unwise or inexperienced decision maker lacks.Lack of ability in ethical decision making can be remedied by appropriate training. As we shall now see, however, competence in making ethical decisions is still not enough. Sometimes we face ethical decisions which are difficult, not because of something we lack the necessary knowledge or expertise but rather because the nature of the situation which we are dealing with is such that no amount of expertise would be sufficient to determine the one and only correct answer. This is the characteristic birth of a true ethical dilemma.

Green Power

washed electricality generation is on its way for full implementation as umpteen of power consumers argon now aware how could table service of it. In the official blog site of the US Environmental Protection Agency, many of its visitors had said in their comments that they had already installed or purchased from a private electric company a way how could they use gullible power.Some had also leave a link to the sites of their power provider that gives them an option for spick-and-span energy generation. But others still had said that they could not choose to opt to car park power because of area and cost constraints.People who had said that they had installed solar panels and/or avail power generated by dint of wind or geothermal admits that they pay much for their electricity consumption as compared when they were not using it. Since conversion into cleaner energy consumption would cost more to the people, they might rather edit their wish to take part with a cleaner env ironment. Some however says that going into cleaner energy generation is just propaganda of electric companies that would average more profit on their part.Some still had said that they had no alternative whether to use green power or not because its their private power provider could only decide. As I had completed shop all of the comments, I suggest that yes there is a need for a greener electricity generation but the problem is that people where afraid of their initial additional cost. Yes, it cost more than the regular energy we consume from burnt-out coal but like what one comment had said, people are not aware of the hidden cost the people might nourish if we continue using it because experts says that burning coal adds up to the air pollution.As we acquiesce into the era of information age, ideas are now easy to disseminate through all of the high tech devices and technology the modern day gives such(prenominal) as the computers and the internet. But we should be caref ul of what would we should acquire of these ideas since some of them cannot be fully relied on. Support of experts in such field such as EPA could give as a somewhat assurance that what we learn is what we should. References Greenversation, dubiousness of the Week Why are you or arent you buying green power? Retrieved May31, 2008 from http//blog. epa. gov/blog/2008/05/27/qotwgreenpower/

Animal Farm Essay

I believe that the animals lives come not modificationd greatly from the starting time creature Farm to the intercept of it. Life for the farm animals in the novel Animal Farm, by George Orwell, started out dreary, short, and somewhat hopeless. By the end of the book, the creation have been chased out of their farm, but the animals ar now led by the pigs. However, the pigs have slowly progressed to become just interchangeable the macrocosm, so the living conditions of the animals have not changed. Their leaders remain the analogous kind of creatures through the book, whether pig or human, because their behavior is so similar.The lives of the animals ar harsh and unforgiving from the beginning of the book to the end of the book. The farm animals were laden by the parasitical humans, who beat and starved them, but also profited from them. The humans (Mr. Owens specific completelyy) have superintendence all over the animals and force them to induce long hours with micro sustenance, despite the fact that the animals are far from indefatigable. Mr. Owens is an inebriate, and sometimes to forgets to feed them at all. After they are too old to work (such as in the subject of horses), or reach a certain age (in the case of the pigs), the animals are sent to be slaughtered.Through all his cruelty, Mr. Owens benefits from the animals hard work. The animals jump against the humans after the pigs (led by Snowball) canvas support for the revolution, and the animals living conditions amend for a short while. After Snowball is chased out, nap takes over and slowly increases their working hours and decreases their food. He maintains the illusion that the animals will be offered retreat after they have reached a certain age. However, Boxer is sent to be made into glue after he is hurt and unable to work anymore, rather than macrocosm sent to a hospital like Napoleon claims.The pigs also have whips which they carry around. In this way, the animals are still being beaten, starved, and slaughtered in a contemptible way. Their daily lives have not changed significantly. The similarities among the pigs and humans also support my opinion that the animals lives do not change much from the beginning of the book to the end. The pigs and humans both are important to the animals, since they control every aspect of their lives. Mr. Owens, the owner of the farm at the beginning of the book, was a greedy, cruel farmer.He beat and starved the animals and worked them extremely hard. Compared to their work, he did almost nothing, drinking in his home instead. After Mr. and Mrs. Owens and all the some other humans are chased off the farm, the animals take over the farm, with the pigs in charge. Although Snowball is a fair leader at first, he is chased off by Napoleon. Napoleon was already planning his machinations quite proto(prenominal) on, and his plan to get complete power works. He works the animals harder than ever, and their rations are quite low.While the animals are toiling, the pigs are free to gambol closely and do as they please. By the end of the book, the pigs have begun walking on two legs, sleeping in beds, wearing clothes, carrying whips, and drinking alcohol. These are all human characteristics. Therefore, the beings with control over the animals lives have changed little. Both Napoleon and Mr. Owens are selfish, ruthless beings who care only for their own profit. From the beginning to the end of Animal Farm, the farm animals are (excluding the pigs) treated badly.Their lives are work-filled, tough, and short. Although the farm changes hands from the humans to their fellow farm animals (pigs), their lives do not improve significantly for the better. In the end, they are actually worse off. The pigs and humans are similar in their behavior, attire, and selfish wishes. I do not think their lives overall have changed significantly over the course of the novel, because their treatment and leaders are approximate ly the same. Their lives stay mostly the same, because those two things almost completely control their lives.

Literary Elements in the Scarlet Ibis Essay

In The Scarlet Ibis, James Hurst uses the aspect of nature in the circumstances to reflect when the government note transposes from a sorrowful and regretful pace to a more undimmed and joyous tone. pal reminisces of a summer that has recollective since passed, as he sits in the house he was raised in It was in the clove of seasons, summer was dead, but autumn had not solo been born, that the ibis lit in the bleeding tree. The flower garden was strained with chemical decomposition reaction brown magnolia petals andiron weeds grew rank amid the purple phlox.The last graveyard flowers were blooming, and their smell drifted across the cotton field and through every dwell of our house, speaking softly the names of our dead. With this, the author uses the natural scenery of a dying garden in the transition of seasons to set a tone of sadness. He illustrates a garden with rotting flowers, a graveyards last flowers blossoming and their smell being carried to where Brother is, re minding him of the dead.Hurst uses the natural elements in the setting to paint a gloomy and dismal setting, he could dedicate expressed what he saw and smelled from his garden in many ways, save he chose to depict this garden dying. Furthermore, this was done to indicate the tone in this memory, which is one of sadness. Moreover, just as the author uses dying settings to reflect a sorrowful and dreary tone, he also uses beautiful settings to reflect a joyous and acceptful tone.Brother describes his and Doodles time divided in gray Women glut, a place he refers to as the only beauty he knows I would gather wildflowers, wild violets, honeysuckle, yellow jasmine, snakeflowers, and waterlilies, and with outfit grass wed weave them into necklaces and crowns. Wed bedeck ourselves with our handiwork and fool about thus beautified, beyond the touch of the everyday world. Furthermore, Old Women Swamp is a place found beautiful to both Doodle and Brother, a place where they go to pl ay and relax.Almost all of the joyous and hopeful times that Doodle and Brother share happen in Old Women Swamp the first time Doodle stood where they go to lay and secure stories, and where they imagine they will build a house and live in together. The author once again uses the setting to reflect the tone Hurst uses the teemingness of beauty found within Old Women Swamp to show the hope and joy Doddle and Brother sometimes shared. Furthermore, as Brother remembers these times he does so in a joyous and hopeful tone. To them Old women deluge signified beauty and a world of never-ending possibilities.Moreover, all the scenes that crap place in Old Women swamp are of happiness and hope, its portrayed as this beautiful place because thats the way Brother remembers it and that talent be because of all the happy moments he shared there with Doodle. Brother remembers all of theses events with a hopeful and joyous tone and all mete out place in serene, beautiful, and beloved Old Wom en Swamp. In conclusion, the natural elements of the setting indicate the change in the tone from a sorrowful tone to a joyous tone.

Marketing Plan Hybrid Car Essay

HONDA MOTORS hereby launches the all current family Honda EC CRV, the new eco fri nullifyly elevator cable car that makes an some early(a)(prenominal)s go unfledged with envy for Oxygen is priceless. Save the earth, objectt life a tree because their is no satellite B all you got to do is induce a Honda EC CRV. Introduction For the blueprint of this assignment, I will choose crossbreed automobiles that run on gasoline as well as alternate(a) fuel i. e. Electricity. The rising fuel prices and increasing melodic line out pollution along with depleting resources of fossil fuels is forcing more than and more automobile companies to manufacture loan-blend vehicles.Moreover, volume atomic number 18 increasingly buying these environment friendly and cost good crossbreeding vehicles in many countries most the world. check to ( crown of thornscar. com, p. 1), crossbreeding- galvanising vehicles (HEV) combine the benefits of gasoline locomotives and electrical re pulses to provide improved fuel economy. The locomotive engine provides most of the vehicles power, and the electric motor provides enlargeitional power when needed, such(prenominal) as for accelerating and passing this allows a smaller, more-efficient engine to be used. The current crossbreedings on the marketplace do not cod to be plugged in to an electric outlet to recharge.The hybridization Car marketplace The market for the hybrid car is slow nurtureing that primarily led by the U. S. and Japanese Markets. In the past five-spot years, sales for the hybrid in the U. S. outgrowth from 9,500 in 2000 to 100,000 in 2004. By the end of 2005, the number of hybrid cars in the U. S. change magnitude to 212,000, accounting for 1. 3 portion of the resume U. S. light-vehicle market. J. D. index estimate the hybrid car market will account for 3. 5% of the U. S. market by the year 2010, whereas, other(a) researchers such as ABI Research & adenine Automotive Technology Researc h theme give a more sanguine projection for the market.These researchers estimated the hybrid market perceptivity between 5-6% of the overall U. S. light-vehicle market. check to a forecast by J. D. Power-LMC Automotive call Services, by the year 2012 hybrids that accounted for 0. 5 percent of the U. S. market in 2005 atomic number 18 evaluate to gain 3. 5 percent of the U. S. market. The JD Power cut acrosss say that the price bountifulness associated with alternative power train vehicles continues to be a barring factor that will prune the potential for both(prenominal) hybrid vehicles.The report notes that manufacturers will have to constrain this premium to attract buyers who atomic number 18 not presently motivated to purchase these vehicles as a means to improve the environment, or as a means to save funds by consuming less fuel. quick Product Research The Prius, cleverness, and civic were the initiative set of hybrids. These vehicles utilized the core sche me of a smaller engine which provides on demand power from the electric motor and batteries. A smaller engine is star of key attributes of hybrids to gaining better fuel economy.The newer hybridsthe distribute, Lexus SUV, and alpinemaintain the size of the gas engine, and add power by way of the electric components which does little to boost fuel efficiency. According to (Larson, 2005), while the hybrids ask to fame is reduced fuel consumption, there are various factors that will reduce the surgery takes of these vehicles. Such factors include acceleration, idle time, air conditioning, temperature, and driving speed. Competitive Scenario It has been noted that Honda and Toyota are the pioneers in the hybrid car market now.According to JD Power, However, they are becoming more commonplace due to licensing of their technologies by other Japanese and American companies, and the new effort towards hybrid SUVs. The Toyota Prius, considered a midsize sedan, is the number-one selli ng hybrid vehicle. Toyota has sold more Priuses than all other hybrids combinedand for good reason. Since the second representative of the Prius was introduced in 2003 (as a 2004 model), this midsize sedan has have numerous awards. Today, it continues to be a straighten out seller. The success and tremendous rise in Toyota hybrid sales can be partly attributed to the companys merchandise campaigns. Most hybrids recognized increasing gains severally year, with the exceptions of the Accord mark and the Lexus RX400h.Sales of both models have decreased during the past year, conclusion perhaps that todays hybrid buyers demand a noticeable proceeds in fuel economy when buying a hybrid model ( loanblendcar. com). emblematic profile of hybrid car buyers Hybrid car drivers have a level of education high than any mathematical group of car drivers that Ive ever seen, says Walter McManus, theatre director of the Office for the Study of Automotive dose at the University of Michigan. McManus further describes these drivers They have higher income, than the aver term car buyer at approximately $100,000 a year versus $85,000 a year for the fairish buyer.They are more likely to be female. Hybrid drivers are a few years old(a) than the average car buyer nigher to fifty rather than the average age of forty. California strongly outpaces all other states for new hybrid vehicle registrations. beyond these demographics, McManus describes the profile of hybrid car drivers in terms of their behavior and attitudes They drive on average fewer miles than the average car buyer Hybrid car drivers plan to keep their car longer than the average person They are willing to take over more for an environmentally friendly product. They personally want to do something to help reduce vehicle pollution.They expect fuel prices to grow a lot faster than other people do. McManus adds, It doesnt mean that theyre right. It does not mean that the other people are right. But theyre ofttim es more pessimistic about the future tense of fuel prices than the average person. Price According to research, Hybrid cars and SUVs prices rake from an estimated $19,000 to almost $55,000 for the basic models. The lowest price range for this type of car is the manual contagion 2006 Insight at an MSRP of $19,330, whereas the Lexus hybrid shoot a line sedan, the GS 450h is the highest at $54,900.The following table summarizes average prices of the hybrid cars Hybrid City mpg Hwy mpg MSRP(in USD) Honda Insight -Manual 60 66 $19,530 Honda Insight -CVT 57 56 $21,530 Toyota Prius 60 51 $21,725 Honda Civic Hybrid 49 51 $21,850 Honda Accord Hybrid 29 37 $30,140 Toyota Camry Hybrid 40 38 $25,900 pass over avoidance Hybrid 2WD 36 31 $27,515 Ford Escape Hybrid 4WD 33 29 $29,140 Mercury Mariner Hybrid 33 29 $29,225 Toyota Highlander Hybrid 2WD 33 28 $33,030 Toyota Highlander Hybrid 4WD 31 27 $34,430 Lexus RX 400h 31 27 $49,060.