Can Terrorism Be Defeated Only By Military Means Criminology Essay

Can Terrorism Be Defeated Only By Military Means Criminology EssayWe blindly cant say that terrorism is the simply option to reduce or stop terrorism with step forward examining how terrorist groups end or fade out after most years. The governments in the opposite hand will have diverse options handle military force, comprehension team, political negotiations and economic sanctions. The governments should prioritise their options on the terrorist organisations. According to a research, which examined more than 250 terrorist organisations from the period of 1965 to 2006, it found that many of the terrorist organisations ended because of the local anaesthetic police intervention like that of the Al-Umma organisation which carried out outpouring in Coimbatore during 1998. Many early(a) organisations stopped their or dissolved their campaign due to intuition or because of the settlements with the governments. It is to be noned here that military force did not have an unfavor able effect on the terrorist organisations to stop their violence against the non-combatants. United States stance on stand proved wrong when the chief (Osama Bin Laden) was caught only by the learning force rather than the war on terror which lasted for more than a decade. Until the year 2006, there were around 648 terrorist groups and the research found that their survival for a prolonged term was due to the factors of economic condition, control type, their ideas, size and their goal. According to this research by Memorial for the prevention of Terrorism, it states that 268/648 groups ended within the year 2006, 136 groups fell asunder because of difference in strategies and goals and the remaining 244 were alive(p). The main reason for most of the terrorist organisations to quit terrorism was due to local police intervention and intelligence or a beneficial agreement with the governments to satisfy their needs for a particular group of people. Only very less terrorist organ isations ended because of the military force. Military force was emotional only when the terrorist groups were large and had the state-of-the art weapons to defend their goals and needs. The only place where military force turned out to be a good idea was inSri Lanka when the government fought against the Liberation of Tamil Tigers Eelam (LTTE). This group demanded a separate land for Tamils in Sri Lanka which caused the biggest civil war in the history. Only in this case, governments action of utilize military force was beneficial because the opponent was well armed and had a large army to reach their goals. The research withal found that the terrorist organisations which had round ghostly sentiments took longer time to stop their activities but r arely achieved their goals. Size of the group also determined their results. The example of a bigger group coming out victorious in terrorism was that of the army found by Mohammed, the founder of Islam which conquered Mecca in the Holy war or Jihad. The research also found that the terrorist from upper-income groups were flag-waving(a) and rarely were religiously motivated.COUNTERTERRORISM RATHER THAN WAR ON TERRORISMAfter the September 11 attack by Al-Qaida on the World hatful Center, United States system to fight terrorism was mainly by the military action. They have also employed almost non-military operations like reducing the irrelevant assistance and securing their states with more power. It was only during the Obamas regime, counter terrorism proved to be effective rather than the war on Terror Obama employed the intelligence squad to break in to or kill the al-Qaida chief in 2009. This initiative proved beneficial and the U.S killed their target in Pakistan on May 2, 2011. This make a way for many countries to withdraw the aspect of War on Terror and employ counterterrorism.As of 2008, the war on terrorism had not ofttimes effect on Al-Qaida as it remained strong and well organised. Its goal o f uniting Muslims to fight the west remained strong and it continued to encourage terrorism to be employed in more places around the humans. They involveed many such attacks without any problems when military attacks were employed on them. Military force only helped the governments to reduce some bigger attacks like that in New York or Mumbai. United States then decided to change their strategy to negotiate some political settlement with the Al-Qaida. As Al-Qaida was religious and fought the war against the west in the name of Allah, the negotiation strategy was not effective. So the governments should decide to abolish them by two strategies. They areGovernments should start to depend on intelligence and policing to destroy Al-Qaidas plans in attacking the non-combatants. Al-Qaida is a large group who are active around the world and commit some fiendishly acts only when a message is received from the head of the group. In order to track their moves and those peoples involved in the attacks, U.S has employed fundamental Intelligence Agency and FBI to track and demolish the terrorist activities with the help of foreign police and some intelligence agencies.The governments should also reduce their military personnel in the borders and promotes local forces to take charge as they had a greater understanding of the places.The main aim of this move is to promote counterterrorism as this proved to be effective than War on Terrorism in many countries who are chip terrorism. This replacement in strategy also makes the terrorist think that they are criminals and not warriors who are fighting for the religious cause of Jihad.DEPENDING ON INTELLIGENCEThe U.S government should concentrate more on police forces and an intelligence agency at least after the Al-Qaida Chief was killed in the counter attack by the U.S dark blue Seals. The governments should now focus on CIA, FBI and increase the budgets which specialises in counterterrorism. The military forces should ha ve the same strategy for the groups involved in insurgencies and for large groups. According to Hoffman, he suggests the intelligence agencies to cooperate with the local police and the intelligence agencies in the countries where terrorism is prevailing to build more effective ways to combat them. Policing and intelligence are outgo suited to demolish the terrorist organisations like Al-Qaida because of their operation in many countries. These terrorist organisations are decentralise and receive funds and messages from a particular place to carry out a operation. The operations of these terrorist organisations are a little complex and have different nodes for operation. These nodes can be easily identified and demolished only with the help of police and intelligence groups. The main drawback of this type of act is reducing the nodes of the terrorist organisation in many countries than in a single country. This method of counterterrorism is only possible only by the full support o f the local police and the community remote that in Pakistan. The terrorist organisations in the present days are easy to be demolished by the police and intelligence networks because of its structure. The terrorist organisations employ top-down or bottom-up access to communicate between themselves. As the message needs to be passed by many people, it is easy for the intelligence agencies to track their location. These terrorist organisations dont get demolished if only the key members are caught or killed as in case ofAl-Qaida. The terrorist organisations have a large network and can work without the commandments of the key leaders. These terrorist networks are active for long term because of its the presence of its hubs. The terrorist organisations get isolated if the hubs that send most messages are destroyed or demolished. These hubs are also easily isolated because it is considered as the information centre for the terrorist organisations. These hubs can be busted with good i ntelligence activities like tracking down the telephone lines, monitoring the email, couriers and fax facilities in countries like Pakistan. By these measures by the personnel, terrorist can be caught, arrested and enforced in the court of law. There are different steps involved in this kind of approach which include data analysis, capture of key leaders of terrorist organisations and amending the law in some special cases. For the list of above operations, police and intelligence agencies are best suited to do the acts.DATA ANALYSIS AND INFORMATION COLLECTIONData collection and analysing the information proves to be one of the important aspects of intelligence bureau on terrorists. There are different ways in finding the terrorist activities. They are by human intelligence or by manoeuver intelligence. The information got by the human network proves to be the most beneficial one. But it takes determination and patience to break up the human network of terrorists by recruiting the terrorists who are already in the terrorist groups. It is difficult to recruit the informants from the terrorist groups because of the faith and love for their friends and religion. According to an intelligence agency, it takes around 18 month for a terrorist to carry out any attack on the public. This period of establishment is the important period for the intelligence agencies to identify, arrest and reveal the plan of their action.another(prenominal) source for the intelligence agencies could be from the fundamentalist mosques who meet terrorism. They might prove to be useful recruits as they might provide some information on the relative or friends of some terrorist and their late(a) activities. Detaining some important individuals who are associated with the terrorist groups would make them less capable of launching some large attacks. If this case of detaining and arresting the individuals in a small terrorist organisation takes place, the other operator may lose confidence a nd become some mere criminals. Making these men mere criminals would be possible only with the help of media and the intelligence personnel and not with some counter attack by the military forces. Another difficulty that might be faced by international intelligence agencies is with the cooperation with the local police and intelligence agencies as they might have their internal security issues to be solved. The information got by human couriers was more beneficial than the signal intelligence. The top terrorist individual understood the drawbacks of using cell phones and internet to transmit some information to their hubs. So they decided to send the information through some trusted individuals who had been in the organisation for many years. Only by continuous monitoring by the intelligence agencies, the couriers can be caught and be beneficial. This was the case when the U.S Navy seals found out the where actives of the Al-Qaida chief Osama Bin Laden. The U.S intelligence agency s pied on some couriers to find out and kill the chief. In this case sacrifice action by the U.S Navy was unavoidable because of the doubt he (Osama) tried to defend him by hiding behind his wife.Capture of Key LeadersAnother important way of counterterrorism is to capture their key leaders and punish them severely according to the law. The terrorist should be punished severely because they were involved in some deadly acts to kill the non-combatants in the particular country. The law should punish them in a way which should be as an example for the other criminal and terrorists in the country. This labor also involves collection of evidence for some terrorists before producing the convict before the court of law. Producing an individual before the court of law for terrorism might not be easier as that of drug trafficking, it should have direct connection with the deadly acts. The capturing of terrorist in any position of their group hierarchy will reveal oft important information about their future attacks. The communicating devices used by terrorist such as diaries, laptops and cell phones will provide some very pure information on the future attacks and the names of other group members. For example, capture of Khan Muhammad with his laptop in 2004, revealed the plans of Al-Qaida to attack the gold mines in Pakistan and also some attacks on IMF and Citigroup buildings in United States. Another good example to prove this fact is that of capturing of Osama Bin Laden on May 2. In the recent news, it revealed that his diaries contained some very sensitive information about the Al-Qaidas links with other terrorist groups and their future plans to attack many places in the world. opposite measures to combat terrorismOther ways to stop terrorism is by the help of wakeless approvals. This process may involve accusing the acts of terrorist organisations such as recruiting members, buying of weapons from other countries. These legal procedures will help the intelli gence agencies and the local police to stop the acts of terrorism by some means like freezing the bank accounts of the suspected terrorists, conduct searches by modern means and to interrogate suspects who pose a terrorist threat to the community as whole. Freezing the accounts of the terrorist organisations also help the intelligence agencies to get leads about their whereabouts. But nowadays, terrorist exchange the money to fund their operation through some third person in the place where the money should reach and this illegal action is called hawala in Islamic terms. The money transferred by the hawala means is not recorded or taxed by the governments. Monitoring of the money movement from the terrorist organisation is a impractical task for the intelligence agencies.