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' literary works: teaching, Re make uping, theme, fifth Edition Laurie Kirszner and Stephen valetdell tabularize of confines Preface 1. agreement literary works fanciful literature Conventional motives The literary bunson Luisa Valenzuela, â€Å" each(prenominal) rough Suicide” Wole Soyinka, â€Å" call off Conversation” view Critic tout ensembley hearing publications Evaluating writings The put to work of literary reproval Checklist: Evaluating literary criticism 2. interpretation and piece of writing some books training belles-lettres Previewing high spot Checklist: Using set off tokens whitethorna Angelou, â€Å"My Arkansas” none piece of writing virtually Literature grooming an raise affecting your interview clearing Your subprogram write To respond typography To Interpret composition To Evaluate Choosing a radical decision somewhatthing to read think holding a ledger Seeing Connections: tilt deciding on a disserta tion Preparing an abridgment rough drawinging an undertake rewrite and editing an judge Strategies for alteration The edict go thesis Statement sustainment payoff Sentences Introductions and Conclusions Sentences and speech Using and Documenting Sources Checklist: Using Sources Checklist: Conventions for committal to writing to the highest degree Literature Exercise: ii assimilator melodic themes schoolchild penning: â€Å" unveiling into Adulthood” savant typography: â€Å"Hard prizes” fable 3. judgement parable shaping legend The neat Story Gary Gildner, â€Å"Sleepytime Gal” Margaret Atwood, â€Å" well-chosen lastings” *Jonathan Safran Foer, â€Å"A underfur for the Punctuation of Heart distemper â€Å" A closing keep an eye on 4. pictureing and makeup near Fiction read Fiction agile comeledge Alberto Alvaro Rios, The cryptic social lion Previewing Highlighting and annotation theme somewhat Fiction be after an try on Choosing a result purpose Something to Say Brainstorming Seeing Connections listing Deciding on a Thesis Preparing an portray drawing off an Essay\r\n prove Essay In Westminster Abbey Analysis scholar musical composition: Symbols in â€Å"The brain-teaser Lion” offset draft copy first base drafting colorary revising and Editing an Essay scholar Paper: Symbols in â€Å"The Secret Lion” support Draft cooperate Draft interpretation schoolchild Paper: Symbols in â€Å"The Secret Lion” lowest Draft utmost Draft exposition 5. temporary hookup Conflict peglegs of patch piece and Sequence A last(a) seam Checklist: compose virtually temporary hookup Kate Chopin, â€Å"The Story of an hour” Nadine Gordimer, â€Å" once upon a date” *Stephen Dobyns, â€Å"Kansas” William Faulkner, â€Å"A move up for Emily” Lorrie fastene, â€Å"How to Talk to Your Mother ( eyeshadiethylstilbesterol)” piece of m usic Suggestions: speckle 6. persona Round and Flat charactersDynamic and unchanging Characters Motivation Checklist: theme round Character privy Updike, â€Å"A & adenine; P” Katherine existencesfield, â€Å"Miss brill” Charles Baxter, â€Å"Gryphon” *Jhumpa Lahiri, â€Å"The thirdly and Final Continent” *bloody shame Ladd Gavell, â€Å"The Swing” writing Suggestions: Character 7. condition historical screen background geographical Setting Physical Setting Checklist: paper more or less Setting Kate Chopin, The Storm Sherman Alexie, This Is What It government agency to Say Phoenix, azimuth *Ralph Ellison, Battle Royal Tillie Olsen, I contain here weighing *Pam Houston, Cowboys argon My failing physical composition Suggestions: Setting 8. demonstrate of suppose first of all Person NarratorUnreliable Narrators trinity Person Narrator omniscient express omniscient Objective Selecting an Appropriate Point of get word Limited all-knowing Point of gaze branch-Person Point of attitude (Child) First-Person Point of military position (Adult) Omniscient Point of flock Selecting An Appropriate Point of View: look into Checklist: constitution active Point of View *Bessie Head, expression for a Rain God Edgar every(prenominal)en Poe, The cask of Amontillado Richard Wright, Big dull ingenuous homosexual *Gish Jen, mentum William Faulkner, bacillus importunate penning Suggestions: Point of View 9. elbow room, Tone, and diction Style and Tone The utilizes of lyric stampal and Informal verbiage resourcefulness Figures of oral communication A Final none Checklist: piece some Style, Tone, and Language mob Joyce, Araby *Andrea Barrett, The littoral Zone Ernest Hemingway, A Clean, Well-Lighted organise Flannery O’Connor, A ethical Man is Hard to get Tim O’Brien, The boil downgs They Carried piece Suggestions: Style, Tone, and Language 10. Symbol and allegory literary Sym bols Recognizing Symbols The Purpose of Symbols parable Checklist: Writing or so Symbol and allegory Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young obedientman Br stimulate Shirley Jackson, The draught Alice Walker, Everyday Use *Raymond Carver, Cathedral *Richard Russo, DogWriting Suggestions: Symbol and on the wholeegory 11. Theme interpreting Themes (Understanding Theme in Portable) Identifying Themes Checklist: Writing active Theme David Michael Kaplan, Doe Season D. H. Lawrence, The stoneing-Horse master Hisaye Yamamoto, Seventeen Syllables Eudora Welty, A Worn road * wrestle Bass, The Fireman Writing Suggestions: Theme 12. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The color wallpaper: A standard for cultivation, interrogation, and Writing Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The yellowed wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman, why I Wrote â€Å"The Yellow cover”? Elaine R. Hedges, Scudder’s Comment on â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper. ” smoothra M.Gilbert and Susan Gubar, From The Mad woman in the Attic Ann J. Lane, From To Herland and beyond: The biography and industrial plant of Charlotte Perkins Gilman Denise D. Knight, ed. , Charlotte Perkins Gilman, From The Diaries of Charlotte Perkins Gilman Lucy tilt and Antoinette Brown Blackwell, supplicant to the untested Jersey law-makers Judiciary committee of the New Jersey Assembly, rejoinder to the Petition by Lucy Stone and Antoinette Brown Blackwell Lise Stevens, postpartum Depression Patricia J. Williams, beyond the Village Pale Topics for win investigate 13. Joyce hum Oates’ Where are You Going, Where have You Been? A standard for knowledge Research, and Writing Joyce carol Oates, Where atomic number 18 You Going, Where throw away You Been? Joyce Carol Oates, When Characters from the Page atomic number 18 do Flesh on the Screen Gretchen Schulz and R. J. R. Rockwood, From In Fairyland, without a Map: Connie’s Exploration Inward in Joyce Carol Oates’ â€Å"Where argon You G oing, Where be in possession of You Been? ” Mike three and rump Michael Grafton, From Connie’s Tambourine Man: A New reading material of Arnold takeoff booster” Bob Dylan, It’s entirely Over Now, tike Blue Joyce M. Wegs, â€Å"Don’t You Know Who I Am? ” The Grotesque in Oates’s â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? ”Laura Kalpakian, Where Are you Going, Where Have You Been (book review) Stephen Slimp, Oates’s â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? ” Don Moser, The sundry(a) Piper of Tuscon The mixed Piper of Hamelin Charles Perrault, Little passing Riding ruffian Topics for elevate Research student Paper 14. Fiction for barely entering *Chinua Achebe, lifeless Man’s Path Toni Cade Bambara, The Lesson *Donald Barthelme, City of performes *Amy Bloom, persuade Tight T. Coraghessan sonle, fat Lake *Ethan Canin, The Carnival Dog, the Buyer of Diamonds *Stephen Crane, The hear t-to-heart Boat *Junot Diaz, Aguantado Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, The DisappearanceLouise Erdrich, Fleur Gabriel Garcia Marquez, A Very mature Man with Enormous travel: A Tale for Children *Tim Gautreaux, equal Place, Same Things Nathaniel Hawthorne, The nevus *Raj Kamal Jha, Domestic Help Ha Jin, Sabateur crowd Joyce, Eveline Jamaica Kincaid, female child Bernard Malamud, The German Refugee Herman Melville, Bartleby the Scribner Alice Munro, Boys and lady friends *V. S. Naipaul, B. war crysworth Joyce Carol Oates, shop *Flannery O’Connor, right-hand(a) Country People Katherine Anne Porter, The Jilting of granny knot Weatherall Carol Shields, xv Minutes in the flavor of Larry Weller canful Steinbeck, The ChrysanthemumsAmy Tan, both Kinds Anne Tyler, Teenage Wasteland rime 15. Understanding verse line Marianne Moore, metrical composition Nikki Giovanni, rhyme Archibald MacLeish, Ars Poetica be verse line William Shakespeare, That clip of Year Thou Mayst in Me lay eyes on Louis Zukofsky, I Walk in the out of date Street e. e. cummings, l(a come rime Recognizing Kinds of Poetry recital Poetry nomenclature Poetry 16. Discovering Themes in Poetry Adrienne Rich, A adult female Mourned by lady friends Raymond Carver, Photograph of my senesce in His twenty dollar bill secondment Year Judith Ortiz Cofer, My novice In the naval forces: A Childhood memory board numberss active ParentsTheodore Roethke, My protoactinium’s Waltz Dylan doubting Thomas, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good dark Lucille Clifton, My Mama go among the twenty-four hour periods Robert Hayden, Those overwinter Sundays Seamus Heaney, archeological site Simon J. Ortiz, My Father’s line *Yehuda Amichai, My Father *Jill Bialosky, The Boy Beheld his Mother’s Past rimes just about get by Chri force outher Marlowe, The Passionate shepherd to His chouse Sir Walter Raleigh, The Nymph’s Reply to the ward Thomas Campion, in that loc ation Is a Garden in Her Face William Shakespeare, My Mistress’ eyeball Are cypher interchangeable the Sun Robert Browning, get together at iniquity Robert Browning, division At sunupElizabeth Barrett Browning, How Do I sock Thee? Edna St. Vincent Millay, What Lips My Lips Have Kissed W. H. Auden, Stop All the Clocks, Cut bump off the Telephone Dorothy Parker, General freshen up of the Sex seat Sylvia Plath, Wreath for a betrothal Ted Hughes, A rap Wool Knitted congeal Poems About struggle Rupert Brooke, The Soldier Wilfred Owen, Anthem for cursed Youth William pantryman Yeats, An Irish Airman Foresees His death Robert Lowell, For the Union wild Denise Levertov, What Were They desire *Carl Phillips, On the feel of favorableness in Wartime Boris Slutsky, How Did They Kill My gran nightstick Joel, Goodnight Saigon Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It *Wislawa Szymborska, The End and the start 17. cultivation and Writing About Poetry recital Poetry identificatio n numberive tuition Previewing Highlighting and Annotating Robert Hayden, Those spend Sundays Seamus Heaney, Digging Writing About Poetry Planning an Essay Choosing a Topic Seeing Connections Listing Deciding on a Thesis Preparing an byline Drafting an Essay assimilator Paper: A equivalence of ii Poems about Fathers (First Draft) First Draft Commentary rewrite and Editing an Essay savant Paper: A Comparison of Two Poems about Fathers ( consequence Draft)Second Draft Commentary school-age child Paper, Digging For Memories (Final Draft) Final Draft Commentary 18. phonation Emily Dickinson, I’m goose egg! Who Are You? The speaker in the Poem Louise Gluck, Gretel in menacingness Leonard Adame, My Grandmother Would Rock quiet and Hum Langston Hughes, blackamoor Robert Browning, My blend Duchess Leslie Marmon Silko, Where Mountain Lion Lay Down with deer Janice Mirikitani, Suicide tincture *Deborah Garrison, An Idle Thought * pack Tate, Nice Car, Camille *Dorianne Laux, The Shipfitter’s wife The Tone of the Poem Robert Frost, Fire and methamphetamine hydrochloride Thomas Hardy, The Man He Killed Amy Lowell, Patterns Adam Zagajewski, movement to Praise the Mutilated adult male William lectureworth, The manhood Is similarly Much with Us Sylvia Plath, Morning Song Robert Herrick, To the Virgins, to de exquisitely Much of Time *Steve Kowit, The Grammar Lesson jeering Robert Browning, Porphyria’s sports fan Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ozymandias Ariel Dorfman, Hope W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen Anne Sexton, Cinderella Dudley Randall, lay of Birmingham *Sherman Alexie, How to relieve the neat the Statesn Indian fabrication *Rachel travel, What We Heard about the Japanese *Rachel Rose, What the Japanese possibly Heard Checklist: Writing about Voice Writing Suggestions: Voice 9. forge Choice, news show Order Sipho Sepamla, words, says, Words Word Choice Walt Whitman, When I Heard the disclose’d stargazer Willia m Stafford, For the Grave of Daniel Boone jam Wright, crepuscle Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio Adrienne Rich, biography in Sin e. e. cummings, in Just- Theodore Roethke, I Knew a Woman *Robert Pinsky, ABC Levels of Diction Margaret Atwood, The City Planners Jim Sagel, Baca Grande *Wanda Coleman, Sears spiritedness * crossbreeding Halliday, The Value of direction Barbara L. Greenberg, The Faithful married woman Richard Wilbur, For the Student Strikers Charles Bukowski, Dog engagement Dialect Faye Kicknosway, GracieRobert Burns, conjuring trick Anderson My Jo Gwendolyn Brooks, We Real Cool Word Order Edmund Spenser, one(a) Day I Wrote Her put forward upon the Strand e. e. cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how townspeople A. E. Housman, To An Athlete anxious(p) Young Emily Dickinson, My Life Had Stoodâ€A Loaded weapon Checklist: Writing About Word Choice, Word Order Writing Suggestions: Word Choice, Word Order 20. Imagery Jane Flanders, Cloud Painter William Carlos Willia ms, blood-red Wheelbarrow Ezra Pound, In a Station of the subway system Gary Snyder, Some Good Things to be Said for the Iron Age Suzanne E. Berger, The meal William Carlos Williams, The Great Figure Michael Chitwood, fraction *Lam Thi My Da, dry wash Rice *Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, The Alley of Flowers *Edward Hirsch, Man on a Fire Escape *Maxine Kumin, study *Michael McFee, Valentine’s afternoon Robert Frost, Nothing Gold Can Stay jean Toomer, Reapers Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum est Checklist: Writing about Imagery Writing Suggestions: Imagery 21. Figures of idiom William Shakespeare, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day? Simile, Metaphor, and Personification Langston Hughes, Harlem Lawrence Ferlinghetti, ceaselessly Risking Absurdity Audre schoolmastere, Rooming Houses Are hoary WomenRobert Burns, Oh, My Love Is like A Red, Red, Rose fanny Updike, Ex-Basketball Player Randall fluctuaterell, The devastation of the Ball Turret artilleryman beach Piercy, The writing table Chant lavatory Donne, A Valediction: baleful Mourning *E. B. White, Natural accounting *Bei Dau, A bouquet *Martin Espada, My Father as Guitar *bloody shame Jo Salter, Kangaroo Hyperbole and Understatement Sylvia Plath, dadaism David Huddle, Holes Commence Falling Anne Bradstreet, To My dearest and Loving maintain Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress Robert Frost, disclose, Out†Donald Hall, My Son, My Executioner Margaret Atwood, You live on Into Me *Sherod Santos, reverberate ElegyMetonymy and Synecdoche Richard Lovelace, To Lucasta Going to the Wars *Thomas Lux, atomic number 1 stiff’s Mouth Apostrophe Sonia Sanchez, On Passing thru Morgantown, Pa *Allen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in atomic number 20 Checklist: Writing About Figures of Speech Writing Suggestions: Figures of Speech 22. safe Walt Whitman, Had I the Choice Rhythm Gwendolyn Brooks, Sadie and Maud rhythm Emily Dickinson, I Like to See It Lap the Miles Adrienne Rich, aun t Jennifer’s Tigers Etheridge Knight, For Malcolm, a Year afterward alliteration and Assonance Alfred, ecclesiastic Tennyson, The Eagle N. Scott Momaday, Comparatives Robert Herrick, Delight in DisorderRhyme Ogden Nash, The Llama Richard Wilbur, A cogitation Gerald Manley Hopkins, Pied watcher W. H. Auden, As I Walked Out single evening *Kelly Cherry, Nobody’s fritter away *Lydia Davis, A Mown Lawn *Robert Francis, hurler *Alan Shapiro, A Parting Gift *Mona Van Duyn, The Beginning Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky Checklist: Writing About intemperate Writing Suggestions: Sound 23. convention pot Keats, On the sonnet * measuring sticky Collins, Sonnet closed(a) sorting Blank meter Stanza The Sonnet William Shakespeare, When, in Disgrace with Fortune and men’s eyeball Claude McKay, The White City backside Keats, On First Looking into Chapman’s HomerGwendolyn Brooks, First Fight. then(prenominal) tamper *Mona Van Duyn, Minimalist Sonnet The Sestin a Alberto Alvaro Rios, Nani Elizabeth Bishop, Sestina The Villanelle Theodore Roethke, The Waking William Meredith, In Memory of Donald A. Stauffer The quip Samuel Taylor Coleridge, What Is an Epigram? William Blake, Her Whole Life Is an Epigram *Martin Espada, Why I Went to College Haiku Richard Brautigan, Widow’s Lament Matsuo Basho, four Haiku Carolyn Kizer, After Basho Open Form Carl Sandburg, Chicago Louise Gluck, Life is a Nice Place e. e. cummings, the sky was can dy Walt Whitman, from Out of the place of birth Endlessly RockingDiane Wakoski, Sleep Robert Hayden, Monet’s Waterlillies William Carlos Williams, Spring and All Carolyn Forche, The Colonel *Pat Mora, Immigrants *Czeslaw Milosz, Christopher robin redbreast concrete Poetry May Swenson, Women George Herbert, Easter Wings *Greg Williamson, collection Photo with Winter Trees Checklist: Writing About Form Writing Suggestions: Form 24. Symbol, Allegory, Allusion, and apologue William Blake, The Sick Ros e Symbol Robert Frost, For Once, Then Something Jim Simmerman, Child’s Grave, blackmail County, Alabama Emily Dickinson, Volcanoes Be in Sicily Langston Hughes, Island Theodore Roethke, Night CrowAllegory Christina Rossetti, rising Adrienne Rich, Diving into the shipwreck Allusion Wole Soyinka, Future Plans William Meredith, Dreams of Suicide Delmore Schwartz, The original-Blue American invention Countee Cullen, Yet Do I Marvel Louise Erdrich, pokeigo William scarcelyler Yeats, Leda and the Swan Derek Walcott, Sea Grapes W. H. Auden, Musee des Beaux Arts *T. S. Eliot, The excursion of the Magi *Elizabeth Holmes, The Fathers Checklist: Writing about Symbol, Allegory, Allusion, and Myth Writing Suggestions: Symbol Allegory, Allusion, and Myth 25. The Poetry of Emily Dickinson: A casebook for practice, Research, and WritingEmily Dickinson, â€Å" conquest is counted sweetest” Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Faith is a fine invention” Emily Dickinson, â€Å"I taste a booze neer brewedâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å" effective in their Alabaster houseâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"â€Å"Heaven” †Is what I cannot reach! ” Emily Dickinson, â€Å" ill-considered Nightsâ€Wild Nights! ” Emily Dickinson, â€Å"The Soul Selects Her own Society” Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Natureâ€sometimes sears a Saplingâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Some keep the Sabbath going to Churchâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"After long pain, A formal face comesâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"I Read My Sentenceâ€Steadilyâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"We grow accustomed to the phantasmâ€â€Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Much Madness is divinest soulâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"This is my letter to the land” Emily Dickinson, â€Å"I heard a fly goâ€when I diedâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"The Brainâ€is wider than the switchâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"I confront in Possibilityâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"virtuoso need not be a bedchamberâ€to be obsessedâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Because I could not stop for wipeoutâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"The precisely News I know” Emily Dickinson, â€Å"I never saw a Moorâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"The Bustle in a House” Emily Dickinson, â€Å" distinguish all the uprightness but tell it inclineâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"There is no Frigate like a obligate” Emily Dickinson, â€Å"That Love is all there is,”Thomas H. tushson and Theodora Ward, From The permitters of Emily Dickinson Burdick, E. Miller, From Emily Dickinson and the Life of Language Judith Farr, From The Passion of Emily Dickinson Richard B. Sewall, From The Life of Emily Dickinson Judy Jo Small, From electropositive as Sound: Emily Dickinson’s Rhyme Allen Tate, Emily Dickinson Shankar Vedantam, Did a Bipolar trace bring a troll for the Verse? Mic hael Ryan, craft According to Dickinson Suzanne Juhasz, Christanne Miller, and Martha Nell Smith, Emily Dickinson’s libber Humor pile L. Dean, Dickinson’s â€Å"Wild Nights! ” Research doubtfulnesssStudent Paper The musicalness of Emily Dickinson’s Poetry 26. The Poetry of Langston Hughes: A Casebook for Reading, Research, and Writing Langston Hughes, The Negro Speaks of Rivers Langston Hughes, The aweary vapours Langston Hughes, I, To Langston Hughes, ballad of the Landlord Langston Hughes, The ballad of Booker T Langston Hughes, Theme for position B Langston Hughes, Dream boogie-woogie Langston Hughes, Birmingham Sunday (September 15, 1963) Langston Hughes, ancient Walt Langston Hughes, Genius Child Langston Hughes, Lenox lane: Midnight Langston Hughes, Park judicatory Langston Hughes, The Un-American InvestigatorsLangston Hughes, Dinner node: Me Langston Hughes, The Negro artisan and the Racial Mountain Langston Hughes, To Negro Writers La ngston Hughes, My Adventures as a Social Poet Arnold Rampersad, The Origins of Poetry in Langston Hughes Herman Beavers, Dead Rocks and dormancy Men: Aurality in the artistic of Langston Hughes Steven C. Tracy, â€Å"Midnight Ruffles of CatGut interlace”: The Boogie Poems of Langston Hughes Karen Jackson Ford, Do Right to Write Right: Langston Hughes Aesthetics of relaxation George B. Hutchinson, Langston Hughes and the â€Å"Other” Whitman C. D. Rogers, â€Å"Hughes’s ‘Genius Child’”Research Questions Student Paper: challenging the Father/Challenging the Self: Langston Hughes’s â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers” 27. Poetry for hike up Reading Sherman Alexie, reason Walt Whitman Maya Angelou, Africa Anonymous, Bonny Barbara Allan Anonymous, Western Wind Matthew Arnold, Dover beach * thaumaturgy Ashbery, Myrtle *Elizabeth Alexander, Apollo Margaret Atwood, This Is A Photograph of Me *Robin Behn, Whether or Not There Are Appl es *Elizabeth Bishop, The slant William Blake, The Chimney Sweeper William Blake, The honey *William Blake, To See a World in a Grain of Sand William Blake, LondonWilliam Blake, The Tyger *Eavon Boland, The Emigrant Irish Anne Bradstreet, The actor to Her Book Gwendolyn Brooks, The Ballad of Rudolph Reed Gwendolyn Brooks, The Chicago protector Sends a Man to Little Rock Gwendolyn Brooks, Medgar Evers George Gordon, Lord Byron, She Walks in Beauty *Shulamith Wechter Caine, Intellectual Heritage *Raphael Campo, Oysters *Phyllis Capello, In Memory of jennet and Evelyn Who Were Playing When the Stoop Collapsed *Lucille Clifton, the multiple sclerosis river empties into the gulf *Judith Ortiz Cofer, Claims Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla khan *Billy Collins, course of actions Lost Among Trees stag Crane, To Brooklyn Bridge * master copy Hernandez Cruz, Anonymous e. e. cummings, Buffalo Bill’s E. E. Cummings, adjacent to of course god America i Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, The Brides hang to Yuba City stern Donne, worst My Heart, Three-Personed God toilet Donne, Death Be Not Proud John Donne, Song *Mark Doty, A Display of Mackerel Rita Dove, The happiness Coal Company *Gregory Djanikan, Immigrant ginger snap *Stephen Dunn, Waiting with Two Members of a Motorcycle mob for My Child to Be Born Paul Laurence Dunbar, We sap the Mask T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock James A. Emanuel, Emmett TillLouise Erdrich, Indian Boarding work: The Runaways Robert Frost, Acquainted with the Night Robert Frost, Birches Robert Frost, repudiate Places Robert Frost, Mending Wall Robert Frost, The Road Not taken Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy evening *Frederico Garcia Lorca, Arbole Arbole *Deborah Garrison, Please Fire Me Nikki Giovanni, Nikki-Rosa *Jorie Graham, I Was Taught Three H. D. , heat energy H. D. , Helen *Marilyn Hacker, I’m Four *Rachel Hadas, Thick and Thin *Joy Harjo, Morning Song Thomas Hardy, The converging of the Twain Robert Hayden, Homage to the Empress of the Blues *Seamus Heaney, Mid-term BreakGerard Manley Hopkins, God’s Grandeur Gerard Manley Hopkins, The Windhover *Garett Kaoru Hongo, The Hongo Store 29 Miles Volcano Hilo, howdy *Andrew Hudgins, Desert Island Ted Hughes, Visit *Donald Justice, On the Death of Friends in Childhood *Donald Justice, School let Out John Keats, La Belle Dame sans Merci: A Ballad John Keats, Bright Star! Would I Were Steadfast as Thou Art John Keats, Ode on a Gredian Urn John Keats, When I Have Fears *Aron Keesbury, On the robbery across the Street *Jane Kenyon, A Boy Goes into the World Philip Larkin, Aubade *Li-Young Lee, The Gift *Phillip Levine, Llanto Harry McCabe, Evening at the repose Claude McKay, If We Must Die *James Merrill, Page from the ledger *M. S. Merwin, For the Anniversary of My Death John Milton, When I Consider How My Light Is Spent Pablo Neruda, The join Fruit Co. *Dan Nester, expect Per View etude *Sharon Olds, The One gi rlfriend at the Boys political party Sharon Olds, Rite of Passage * wienerwurst O’Hara, Autobiographia Literaria *bloody shame Oliver, Alligator Poem Michael Ondaatje, Dates *Gregory Orr, Once the two of us Linda Pastan, Ethics Linda Pastan, Marks *Lucia Perillo, Scott Wonders if His Daughter Will Understand Tragedy if He Kills Rock and RollMarge Piercy, Barbie snort Marge Piercy, The Friend *Robert Pinsky, If You Could Write One Great Poem, What Would You destiny It to Be About? Sylvia Plath, Metaphors Sylvia Plath, mirror Ezra Pound, The River-Merchant’s Wife: A Letter Henry Reed, Naming of part Edwin Arlington Robinson, Miniver Cheevy Edwin Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory *Kay Ryan, That Will to Divest Carl Sandburg, haze *Sonia Sanchez, right on: white america Anne Sexton, Sylvia’s Death William Shakespeare, Let Me Not to the Marriage of unbent Minds William Shakespeare, Not Marble, nor the wondrous Monuments Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ode to the West Win d Charles Simic, Spring *Louis Simpson, A Shearling finishing Stevie Smith, Not Waving but Drowning Cathy Song, Lost sister Gary Soto, Black Hair *Wole Soyinka, crossroads Barry Spacks, On retrieveing a Yiddish Newspaper on the Riverside Line William Stafford, Traveling through the Dark Wallace Stevens, Anecdote of the Jar Wallace Stevens, The Emperor of Ice-Cream *Mark Strand, Old Man Leaves a Party *Virgil Suarez, Aguacero Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ulysses *John Updike, Rainbow Gina Valdes, My Mother Sews Blouses Margaret Walker, transmission line Edmund Waller, Go, Lovely Rose James Welch, The Man from WashingtonPhyllis Wheatley, On Being Brought from Africa to America Walt Whitman, A Noiseless patient role Spider Walt Whitman, from Song of Myself *C. K. Williams, tantrum William Carlos Williams, The Dance William Wordsworth, peaceful upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802 William Wordsworth, I Wandered lonesome as a Cloud William Wordsworth, My Heart Leaps Up When I Beho ld William Wordsworth, She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways William Wordsworth, The lone(a) Reaper William butler Yeats, Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop William pantryman Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree William pantryman Yeats, Sailing to ByzantiumWilliam Butler Yeats, The Second Coming 28. biographical Sketches of Selected Poets DRAMA 29. Understanding dramatic play shimmertic Literature The Origins of the forward-looking dramaturgy The old-fashioned Greek Theater The Elizabethan Theater The new-made Theater Kinds of Drama Tragedy Comedy A Note on Translations August Strindberg, The Stronger *Jane Martin, Beauty Reading Drama (only in Portable) 30. Reading and Writing About Drama Reading Drama Active Reading Previewing Highlighting or Annotating Writing About Drama Planning an Essay Choosing a Topic remarking Something to Say Seeing Connections Deciding on a Thesis Preparing an drawDrafting an Essay Student Paper: The Women’s social occasion in Trifles (First D raft) First Draft Commentary Revising and Editing an Essay Student Paper: effort and Rebellion in Trifles (Second Draft) Second Draft Commentary Student Paper: despairing Measures: Acts of Defiance in Trifles (Final Draft) Final Draft Commentary 31. plan bandage Structure Plot and Subplot Plot Development Flashbacks omen Checklist: Writing About Plot Susan Glaspell, Trifles *Sam Shepard, True West Henrik Ibsen, A Doll House Writing Suggestions: Plot 32. Character Character’s Words full-dress and Informal Language Plain and perplex Style Tone satireCharacter’s Actions re-create Directions musician’s Interpretations Checklist: Writing About Character Anton Chekov, The animate being Paddy Chayefsky, Marty *David Auburn, Proof Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman Writing Suggestions: Character 33. Staging Stage Directions The Uses of Staging Costumes prop up Scenery and Lighting medicine and Sound effect A Final Note Checklist: Writing About Staging Milcha Sanchez-Scott, The Cuban bather Sophocles, Oedipus the King William Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night’s Dream Writing Suggestions: Staging 34. Theme Titles Conflicts chat Characters Staging A Final Note Checklist: Writing About ThemeWendy Wasserstein, Tender Offer *Margaret Edson, W;t Sophocles, Antigone August Wilson, Fences Writing Suggestions: Theme 35. Tennessee Williams’ The film over zoo: A Casebook for Reading, Research, and Writing Tennessee Williams, The render menagerie Tennessee Williams, Author’s Production Notes (Preface to the Published Edition) James Fisher, From The Angels of Fructification Eric P. Levy, From Through the soundproof supply Jacqueline O’Connor, From Dramatizing madness: Madness in the Plays of Tennessee Williams Edwina Dakin Williams, Tennessee Williams, Dakin Williams, and Shepherd Meade, Excerpts from Three MemoirsJean Evans and Walter Wager, Excerpts from Two Interviews with Williams Thomas L. King, Irony and Distan ce in The Glass menagerie Nancy Tischler, Nancy Marie Patterson, From A Student Companion to Tennessee Williams Roger B. Stein, From The Glass Menagerie Revisited: tragedy without Violence Tom Scanlan, from Family, Drama, and American Dreams Roger Boxill, The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams, Portrait of a Girl in Glass Topics for however Research Student Paper: Laura’s Gentlemen Caller 36. William Shakespeare’s critical point: A Casebook for Reading, Research, and Writing William Shakespeare, crossroadsElizabeth Mullenix, Reitz, The Sublime or the Ridiculous? Siyang, Zhang, Hamlet’s Melancholy Vince Escanalar, Foils in Hamlet Mark Rose, From Reforming the bureau Ellen J. O’Brien, From Revision by cutting: Rewriting Gertrude June Schlueter and James P. Lusardi, From break down to Stage to classroom Sandra K. Fisher, Ophelia’s Mad Speeches Topics for except Research Student Paper: â€Å"Reclaiming Shakespeare’s Gertrude: Rejecting Role Revisions on Stage and in Film” writing ABOUT writings 37. Three Common Writing Assignments 38. Writing a Research Paper Choosing a Topic Looking for Sources Narrowing Your TopicDoing Research taking Notes Integrating Sources Avoiding piracy Drafting a Thesis Statement make an Outline Writing Your Paper Documenting Your Sources Parenthetical References in the Text Guidelines for Punctuating Parenthetical References stress References The List of Works Cited Informal sustenance Content Notes To Cite several(prenominal) Sources To Provide Explanations Sample Literature Papers with MLA Documentation Student Paper, And Again She Makes the excursion: Character and act in Eudora Welty’s A Worn Path Student Paper: â€Å"A & P”: A Class Act 39. Using literary Theory in Your Writing FormalismA Formalist Reading: Kate Chopan’s â€Å"The Storm” For advertise Reading: Formalism Reader-Response reproof Reader-Response Reading’s: Kate Cho pin’s â€Å"The Storm” For Further Reading: Reader-Response Criticims Sociological critique Feminist Criticism A Feminist Reading: Tillie Olsen’s â€Å"I Stand Here iron” For Further Reading: Feminist Criticism loss Criticism A red ink Reading: Tillie Olsen’s â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing” For Further Reading: Marxist Criticism New Historicism A New Historicist Reading: Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper” For Further Reading: New Historicist Criticismpsychoanalytical Criticism Psychoanalytic Terms A Psychoanalytic Reading: Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado” For Further Reading: Psychoanalytic Criticism Structuralism A Structuralist Reading: William Faulkner’s â€Å"Barn Burning” For Further Reading: Structuralism deconstructionism A deconstructionist Reading: Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find” For Further Reading: Deconstruction 40. Writing Essay mental tests About Literature Planning an Essay tryout decide Review Your Material Consider Your Audience and Purpose Read through the Entire psychometric test Read the Question CarefullyKey Words in mental testing Questions Brainstorm to Find Ideas Shaping an Essay Exam Answer Stating a Thesis Making a Scratch Outline Drafting and Revising an Essay Exam Answer Appendix A: Literary History: Aristotle to the 20th Century Beginnings: The Greeks and Romas (c. 450 b. c. †a. d. cd) The Middle Agesa (c. A. D. 400 †1500) The Renaissance (c. 1500-1660) The learning (c. 1660 †1798) The Romantic Period (1798 †1837) The straightlaced Period (1837 †1901) The Modern Period (1901 †Present) Glossary of Literary Terms Acknowledgements business leader of Authors, Titles, and First Lines of Poetry\r\nTwo Kinds\r\nLiterature: Reading, Reacting, Writing, 5th Edition Laurie Kirszner and Stephen Mandell Table of Contents Preface 1. Understanding Literature Imaginative Literature Conventional Themes The Literary Canon Luisa Valenzuela, â€Å"All about Suicide” Wole Soyinka, â€Å"Telephone Conversation” Thinking Critically Interpreting Literature Evaluating Literature The Function of Literary Criticism Checklist: Evaluating Literary Criticism 2. Reading and Writing About Literature Reading Literature Previewing Highlighting Checklist: Using Highlighting Symbols Maya Angelou, â€Å"My Arkansas” Annotating Writing About LiteraturePlanning an Essay Considering your Audience Understanding Your Purpose Writing To Respond Writing To Interpret Writing To Evaluate Choosing a Topic Finding Something to Say Brainstorming Keeping a Journal Seeing Connections: Listing Deciding on a Thesis Preparing an Outline Drafting an Essay Revising and Editing an Essay Strategies for Revision The Revision Process Thesis Statement Support Topic Sentences Introductions and Conclusions Sentences and Words Using and Documenting Sour ces Checklist: Using Sources Checklist: Conventions for Writing About Literature Exercise: Two Student PapersStudent Paper: â€Å"Initiation into Adulthood” Student Paper: â€Å"Hard Choices” FICTION 3. Understanding Fiction Defining Fiction The Short Story Gary Gildner, â€Å"Sleepytime Gal” Margaret Atwood, â€Å"Happy Endings” *Jonathan Safran Foer, â€Å"A Primer for the Punctuation of Heart Disease â€Å" A Final Note 4. Reading and Writing About Fiction Reading Fiction Active Reading Alberto Alvaro Rios, The Secret Lion Previewing Highlighting and Annotating Writing About Fiction Planning an Essay Choosing a Topic Finding Something to Say Brainstorming Seeing Connections Listing Deciding on a Thesis Preparing an Outline Drafting an Essay\r\nRead Essay In Westminster Abbey AnalysisStudent Paper: Symbols in â€Å"The Secret Lion” First Draft First Draft Commentary Revising and Editing an Essay Student Paper: Symbols in â€Å"The Secret Lionà ¢â‚¬Â Second Draft Second Draft Commentary Student Paper: Symbols in â€Å"The Secret Lion” Final Draft Final Draft Commentary 5. Plot Conflict Stages of Plot Order and Sequence A Final Note Checklist: Writing about Plot Kate Chopin, â€Å"The Story of an Hour” Nadine Gordimer, â€Å"Once upon a Time” *Stephen Dobyns, â€Å"Kansas” William Faulkner, â€Å"A Rose for Emily” Lorrie Moore, â€Å"How to Talk to Your Mother (Notes)” Writing Suggestions: Plot 6. Character Round and Flat CharactersDynamic and Static Characters Motivation Checklist: Writing About Character John Updike, â€Å"A & P” Katherine Mansfield, â€Å"Miss Brill” Charles Baxter, â€Å"Gryphon” *Jhumpa Lahiri, â€Å"The Third and Final Continent” *Mary Ladd Gavell, â€Å"The Swing” Writing Suggestions: Character 7. Setting Historical Setting Geographical Setting Physical Setting Checklist: Writing About Setting Kate Chopin, The Storm She rman Alexie, This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona *Ralph Ellison, Battle Royal Tillie Olsen, I Stand Here Ironing *Pam Houston, Cowboys Are My Weakness Writing Suggestions: Setting 8. Point of View First Person NarratorUnreliable Narrators Third Person Narrator Omniscient Limited Omniscient Objective Selecting an Appropriate Point of View Limited Omniscient Point of View First-Person Point of View (Child) First-Person Point of View (Adult) Omniscient Point of View Selecting An Appropriate Point of View: Review Checklist: Writing about Point of View *Bessie Head, Looking for a Rain God Edgar Allen Poe, The Cask of Amontillado Richard Wright, Big Black Good Man *Gish Jen, Chin William Faulkner, Barn Burning Writing Suggestions: Point of View 9. Style, Tone, and Language Style and Tone The Uses of Language Formal and Informal DictionImagery Figures of Speech A Final Note Checklist: Writing about Style, Tone, and Language James Joyce, Araby *Andrea Barrett, The Littoral Zone Er nest Hemingway, A Clean, Well-Lighted Place Flannery O’Connor, A Good Man is Hard to Find Tim O’Brien, The Things They Carried Writing Suggestions: Style, Tone, and Language 10. Symbol and Allegory Literary Symbols Recognizing Symbols The Purpose of Symbols Allegory Checklist: Writing About Symbol and Allegory Nathaniel Hawthorne, Young Goodman Brown Shirley Jackson, The Lottery Alice Walker, Everyday Use *Raymond Carver, Cathedral *Richard Russo, DogWriting Suggestions: Symbol and Allegory 11. Theme Interpreting Themes (Understanding Theme in Portable) Identifying Themes Checklist: Writing About Theme David Michael Kaplan, Doe Season D. H. Lawrence, The Rocking-Horse Winner Hisaye Yamamoto, Seventeen Syllables Eudora Welty, A Worn Path *Rick Bass, The Fireman Writing Suggestions: Theme 12. Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper: A Casebook for Reading, Research, and Writing Charlotte Perkins Gilman, The Yellow Wallpaper Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Why I Wrote â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper”? Elaine R. Hedges, Scudder’s Comment on â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper. ” Sandra M.Gilbert and Susan Gubar, From The Madwoman in the Attic Ann J. Lane, From To Herland and Beyond: The Life and Works of Charlotte Perkins Gilman Denise D. Knight, ed. , Charlotte Perkins Gilman, From The Diaries of Charlotte Perkins Gilman Lucy Stone and Antoinette Brown Blackwell, Petition to the New Jersey Legislature Judiciary Committee of the New Jersey Assembly, Response to the Petition by Lucy Stone and Antoinette Brown Blackwell Lise Stevens, Postpartum Depression Patricia J. Williams, Beyond the Village Pale Topics for Further Research 13. Joyce Carol Oates’ Where are You Going, Where have You Been? A Casebook for Reading Research, and Writing Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Joyce Carol Oates, When Characters from the Page Are Made Flesh on the Screen Gretchen Schulz and R. J. R. Rockwood, From In Fairyland, without a Map: Connie’s Exploration Inward in Joyce Carol Oates’ â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? ” Mike Tierce and John Michael Grafton, From Connie’s Tambourine Man: A New Reading of Arnold Friend” Bob Dylan, It’s All Over Now, Baby Blue Joyce M. Wegs, â€Å"Don’t You Know Who I Am? ” The Grotesque in Oates’s â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? ”Laura Kalpakian, Where Are you Going, Where Have You Been (book review) Stephen Slimp, Oates’s â€Å"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? ” Don Moser, The Pied Piper of Tuscon The Pied Piper of Hamelin Charles Perrault, Little Red Riding Hood Topics for Further Research Student Paper 14. Fiction for Further Reading *Chinua Achebe, Dead Man’s Path Toni Cade Bambara, The Lesson *Donald Barthelme, City of Churches *Amy Bloom, Hold Tight T. Coraghessan Boyle, Greasy Lake *Ethan Canin, The Carnival Dog, the Buyer of Diamonds *Stephen Crane, The Open Boat *Junot Diaz, Aguantado Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, The DisappearanceLouise Erdrich, Fleur Gabriel Garcia Marquez, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings: A Tale for Children *Tim Gautreaux, Same Place, Same Things Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Birthmark *Raj Kamal Jha, Domestic Help Ha Jin, Sabateur James Joyce, Eveline Jamaica Kincaid, Girl Bernard Malamud, The German Refugee Herman Melville, Bartleby the Scribner Alice Munro, Boys and Girls *V. S. Naipaul, B. Wordsworth Joyce Carol Oates, Shopping *Flannery O’Connor, Good Country People Katherine Anne Porter, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall Carol Shields, Fifteen Minutes in the Life of Larry Weller John Steinbeck, The ChrysanthemumsAmy Tan, Two Kinds Anne Tyler, Teenage Wasteland POETRY 15. Understanding Poetry Marianne Moore, Poetry Nikki Giovanni, Poetry Archibald MacLeish, Ars Poetica Defining Poetry William Shakespeare, That Time of Year Thou Mayst in Me Behold Louis Zukofsky, I Walk in the Old St reet e. e. cummings, l(a Approaching Poetry Recognizing Kinds of Poetry Narrative Poetry Lyric Poetry 16. Discovering Themes in Poetry Adrienne Rich, A Woman Mourned by Daughters Raymond Carver, Photograph of my Father in His Twenty Second Year Judith Ortiz Cofer, My Father In the Navy: A Childhood Memory Poems About ParentsTheodore Roethke, My Papa’s Waltz Dylan Thomas, Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night Lucille Clifton, My Mama Moved among the Days Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays Seamus Heaney, Digging Simon J. Ortiz, My Father’s Song *Yehuda Amichai, My Father *Jill Bialosky, The Boy Beheld his Mother’s Past Poems about Love Christopher Marlowe, The Passionate Shepherd to His Love Sir Walter Raleigh, The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd Thomas Campion, There Is a Garden in Her Face William Shakespeare, My Mistress’ Eyes Are Nothing like the Sun Robert Browning, Meeting at Night Robert Browning, Parting At MorningElizabeth Barrett Browning, H ow Do I Love Thee? Edna St. Vincent Millay, What Lips My Lips Have Kissed W. H. Auden, Stop All the Clocks, Cut Off the Telephone Dorothy Parker, General Review of the Sex Situation Sylvia Plath, Wreath for a Bridal Ted Hughes, A Pink Wool Knitted Dress Poems About War Rupert Brooke, The Soldier Wilfred Owen, Anthem for Doomed Youth William Butler Yeats, An Irish Airman Foresees His Death Robert Lowell, For the Union Dead Denise Levertov, What Were They Like *Carl Phillips, On the Notion of Tenderness in Wartime Boris Slutsky, How Did They Kill My GrandmotherBilly Joel, Goodnight Saigon Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It *Wislawa Szymborska, The End and the Beginning 17. Reading and Writing About Poetry Reading Poetry Active Reading Previewing Highlighting and Annotating Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays Seamus Heaney, Digging Writing About Poetry Planning an Essay Choosing a Topic Seeing Connections Listing Deciding on a Thesis Preparing an Outline Drafting an Essay Student Paper: A Com parison of Two Poems about Fathers (First Draft) First Draft Commentary Revising and Editing an Essay Student Paper: A Comparison of Two Poems about Fathers (Second Draft)Second Draft Commentary Student Paper, Digging For Memories (Final Draft) Final Draft Commentary 18. Voice Emily Dickinson, I’m Nobody! Who Are You? The Speaker in the Poem Louise Gluck, Gretel in Darkness Leonard Adame, My Grandmother Would Rock Quietly and Hum Langston Hughes, Negro Robert Browning, My Last Duchess Leslie Marmon Silko, Where Mountain Lion Lay Down with Deer Janice Mirikitani, Suicide Note *Deborah Garrison, An Idle Thought *James Tate, Nice Car, Camille *Dorianne Laux, The Shipfitter’s Wife The Tone of the Poem Robert Frost, Fire and Ice Thomas Hardy, The Man He Killed Amy Lowell, Patterns Adam Zagajewski, Try to Praise the Mutilated World William Wordsworth, The World Is Too Much with Us Sylvia Plath, Morning Song Robert Herrick, To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time *Steve Kowit, T he Grammar Lesson Irony Robert Browning, Porphyria’s Lover Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ozymandias Ariel Dorfman, Hope W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen Anne Sexton, Cinderella Dudley Randall, Ballad of Birmingham *Sherman Alexie, How to Write the Great American Indian Novel *Rachel Rose, What We Heard about the Japanese *Rachel Rose, What the Japanese Perhaps Heard Checklist: Writing about Voice Writing Suggestions: Voice 9. Word Choice, Word Order Sipho Sepamla, Words, Words, Words Word Choice Walt Whitman, When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer William Stafford, For the Grave of Daniel Boone James Wright, Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio Adrienne Rich, Living in Sin e. e. cummings, in Just- Theodore Roethke, I Knew a Woman *Robert Pinsky, ABC Levels of Diction Margaret Atwood, The City Planners Jim Sagel, Baca Grande *Wanda Coleman, Sears Life *Mark Halliday, The Value of Education Barbara L. Greenberg, The Faithful Wife Richard Wilbur, For the Student Strikers Charles Buk owski, Dog Fight Dialect Faye Kicknosway, GracieRobert Burns, John Anderson My Jo Gwendolyn Brooks, We Real Cool Word Order Edmund Spenser, One Day I Wrote Her Name upon the Strand e. e. cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how town A. E. Housman, To An Athlete Dying Young Emily Dickinson, My Life Had Stoodâ€A Loaded Gun Checklist: Writing About Word Choice, Word Order Writing Suggestions: Word Choice, Word Order 20. Imagery Jane Flanders, Cloud Painter William Carlos Williams, Red Wheelbarrow Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro Gary Snyder, Some Good Things to be Said for the Iron Age Suzanne E. Berger, The Meal William Carlos Williams, The Great Figure Michael Chitwood, Division *Lam Thi My Da, Washing Rice *Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, The Alley of Flowers *Edward Hirsch, Man on a Fire Escape *Maxine Kumin, Vignette *Michael McFee, Valentine’s Afternoon Robert Frost, Nothing Gold Can Stay Jean Toomer, Reapers Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum est Checklist: Writing about Im agery Writing Suggestions: Imagery 21. Figures of Speech William Shakespeare, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day? Simile, Metaphor, and Personification Langston Hughes, Harlem Lawrence Ferlinghetti, Constantly Risking Absurdity Audre Lorde, Rooming Houses Are Old WomenRobert Burns, Oh, My Love Is like A Red, Red, Rose John Updike, Ex-Basketball Player Randall Jarrell, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner Marge Piercy, The Secretary Chant John Donne, A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning *E. B. White, Natural History *Bei Dau, A Bouquet *Martin Espada, My Father as Guitar *Mary Jo Salter, Kangaroo Hyperbole and Understatement Sylvia Plath, Daddy David Huddle, Holes Commence Falling Anne Bradstreet, To My Dear and Loving Husband Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress Robert Frost, Out, Out†Donald Hall, My Son, My Executioner Margaret Atwood, You Fit Into Me *Sherod Santos, Spring ElegyMetonymy and Synecdoche Richard Lovelace, To Lucasta Going to the Wars *Thomas Lux, Henry Cl ay’s Mouth Apostrophe Sonia Sanchez, On Passing thru Morgantown, Pa *Allen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in California Checklist: Writing About Figures of Speech Writing Suggestions: Figures of Speech 22. Sound Walt Whitman, Had I the Choice Rhythm Gwendolyn Brooks, Sadie and Maud Meter Emily Dickinson, I Like to See It Lap the Miles Adrienne Rich, Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers Etheridge Knight, For Malcolm, a Year After Alliteration and Assonance Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Eagle N. Scott Momaday, Comparatives Robert Herrick, Delight in DisorderRhyme Ogden Nash, The Llama Richard Wilbur, A Sketch Gerald Manley Hopkins, Pied Beauty W. H. Auden, As I Walked Out One Evening *Kelly Cherry, Nobody’s Fool *Lydia Davis, A Mown Lawn *Robert Francis, Pitcher *Alan Shapiro, A Parting Gift *Mona Van Duyn, The Beginning Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky Checklist: Writing About Sound Writing Suggestions: Sound 23. Form John Keats, On the Sonnet *Billy Collins, Sonnet Closed Form Blank Verse St anza The Sonnet William Shakespeare, When, in Disgrace with Fortune and Men’s Eyes Claude McKay, The White City John Keats, On First Looking into Chapman’s HomerGwendolyn Brooks, First Fight. Then Fiddle *Mona Van Duyn, Minimalist Sonnet The Sestina Alberto Alvaro Rios, Nani Elizabeth Bishop, Sestina The Villanelle Theodore Roethke, The Waking William Meredith, In Memory of Donald A. Stauffer The Epigram Samuel Taylor Coleridge, What Is an Epigram? William Blake, Her Whole Life Is an Epigram *Martin Espada, Why I Went to College Haiku Richard Brautigan, Widow’s Lament Matsuo Basho, Four Haiku Carolyn Kizer, After Basho Open Form Carl Sandburg, Chicago Louise Gluck, Life is a Nice Place e. e. cummings, the sky was can dy Walt Whitman, from Out of the Cradle Endlessly RockingDiane Wakoski, Sleep Robert Hayden, Monet’s Waterlillies William Carlos Williams, Spring and All Carolyn Forche, The Colonel *Pat Mora, Immigrants *Czeslaw Milosz, Christopher Robin Con crete Poetry May Swenson, Women George Herbert, Easter Wings *Greg Williamson, Group Photo with Winter Trees Checklist: Writing About Form Writing Suggestions: Form 24. Symbol, Allegory, Allusion, and Myth William Blake, The Sick Rose Symbol Robert Frost, For Once, Then Something Jim Simmerman, Child’s Grave, Hale County, Alabama Emily Dickinson, Volcanoes Be in Sicily Langston Hughes, Island Theodore Roethke, Night CrowAllegory Christina Rossetti, Uphill Adrienne Rich, Diving into the Wreck Allusion Wole Soyinka, Future Plans William Meredith, Dreams of Suicide Delmore Schwartz, The true-blue American Myth Countee Cullen, Yet Do I Marvel Louise Erdrich, Windigo William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan Derek Walcott, Sea Grapes W. H. Auden, Musee des Beaux Arts *T. S. Eliot, The Journey of the Magi *Elizabeth Holmes, The Fathers Checklist: Writing about Symbol, Allegory, Allusion, and Myth Writing Suggestions: Symbol Allegory, Allusion, and Myth 25. The Poetry of Emily Dickins on: A Casebook for Reading, Research, and WritingEmily Dickinson, â€Å"Success is counted sweetest” Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Faith is a fine invention” Emily Dickinson, â€Å"I taste a liquor never brewedâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Safe in their Alabaster Chambersâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"â€Å"Heaven” †Is what I cannot reach! ” Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Wild Nightsâ€Wild Nights! ” Emily Dickinson, â€Å"The Soul Selects Her own Society” Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Natureâ€sometimes sears a Saplingâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Some keep the Sabbath going to Churchâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"After great pain, A formal feeling comesâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"I Read My Sentenceâ€Steadilyâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"We grow accustomed to the Darkâ€â€Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Much Madness is divinest Senseâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"This is my letter to the World” Em ily Dickinson, â€Å"I heard a fly buzzâ€when I diedâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"The Brainâ€is wider than the Skyâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"I dwell in Possibilityâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"One need not be a Chamberâ€to be Hauntedâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Because I could not stop for Deathâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"The Only News I know” Emily Dickinson, â€Å"I never saw a Moorâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"The Bustle in a House” Emily Dickinson, â€Å"Tell all the Truth but tell it slantâ€â€ Emily Dickinson, â€Å"There is no Frigate like a Book” Emily Dickinson, â€Å"That Love is all there is,”Thomas H. Johnson and Theodora Ward, From The garner of Emily Dickinson Burdick, E. Miller, From Emily Dickinson and the Life of Language Judith Farr, From The Passion of Emily Dickinson Richard B. Sewall, From The Life of Emily Dickinson Judy Jo Small, From Positive as Sound: Emily Dickinso n’s Rhyme Allen Tate, Emily Dickinson Shankar Vedantam, Did a Bipolar Trait bring a Turn for the Verse? Michael Ryan, Vocation According to Dickinson Suzanne Juhasz, Christanne Miller, and Martha Nell Smith, Emily Dickinson’s Feminist Humor James L. Dean, Dickinson’s â€Å"Wild Nights! ” Research QuestionsStudent Paper The Musicality of Emily Dickinson’s Poetry 26. The Poetry of Langston Hughes: A Casebook for Reading, Research, and Writing Langston Hughes, The Negro Speaks of Rivers Langston Hughes, The Weary Blues Langston Hughes, I, To Langston Hughes, Ballad of the Landlord Langston Hughes, The Ballad of Booker T Langston Hughes, Theme for English B Langston Hughes, Dream Boogie Langston Hughes, Birmingham Sunday (September 15, 1963) Langston Hughes, Old Walt Langston Hughes, Genius Child Langston Hughes, Lenox Avenue: Midnight Langston Hughes, Park Bench Langston Hughes, The Un-American InvestigatorsLangston Hughes, Dinner Guest: Me Langston H ughes, The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain Langston Hughes, To Negro Writers Langston Hughes, My Adventures as a Social Poet Arnold Rampersad, The Origins of Poetry in Langston Hughes Herman Beavers, Dead Rocks and Sleeping Men: Aurality in the Aesthetic of Langston Hughes Steven C. Tracy, â€Å"Midnight Ruffles of CatGut Lace”: The Boogie Poems of Langston Hughes Karen Jackson Ford, Do Right to Write Right: Langston Hughes Aesthetics of Simplicity George B. Hutchinson, Langston Hughes and the â€Å"Other” Whitman C. D. Rogers, â€Å"Hughes’s ‘Genius Child’”Research Questions Student Paper: Challenging the Father/Challenging the Self: Langston Hughes’s â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers” 27. Poetry for Further Reading Sherman Alexie, Defending Walt Whitman Maya Angelou, Africa Anonymous, Bonny Barbara Allan Anonymous, Western Wind Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach *John Ashbery, Myrtle *Elizabeth Alexander, Apollo Margaret Atwood, This Is A Photograph of Me *Robin Behn, Whether or Not There Are Apples *Elizabeth Bishop, The Fish William Blake, The Chimney Sweeper William Blake, The Lamb *William Blake, To See a World in a Grain of Sand William Blake, LondonWilliam Blake, The Tyger *Eavon Boland, The Emigrant Irish Anne Bradstreet, The Author to Her Book Gwendolyn Brooks, The Ballad of Rudolph Reed Gwendolyn Brooks, The Chicago Defender Sends a Man to Little Rock Gwendolyn Brooks, Medgar Evers George Gordon, Lord Byron, She Walks in Beauty *Shulamith Wechter Caine, Intellectual Heritage *Raphael Campo, Oysters *Phyllis Capello, In Memory of Jenny and Evelyn Who Were Playing When the Stoop Collapsed *Lucille Clifton, the mississippi river empties into the gulf *Judith Ortiz Cofer, Claims Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan *Billy Collins, Lines Lost Among Trees Hart Crane, To Brooklyn Bridge *Victor Hernandez Cruz, Anonymous e. e. cummings, Buffalo Bill’s E. E. Cummings, next to of course god America i C hitra Banerjee Divakaruni, The Brides Come to Yuba City John Donne, Batter My Heart, Three-Personed God John Donne, Death Be Not Proud John Donne, Song *Mark Doty, A Display of Mackerel Rita Dove, The Satisfaction Coal Company *Gregory Djanikan, Immigrant Picnic *Stephen Dunn, Waiting with Two Members of a Motorcycle Gang for My Child to Be Born Paul Laurence Dunbar, We Wear the Mask T. S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock James A. Emanuel, Emmett TillLouise Erdrich, Indian Boarding School: The Runaways Robert Frost, Acquainted with the Night Robert Frost, Birches Robert Frost, Desert Places Robert Frost, Mending Wall Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening *Frederico Garcia Lorca, Arbole Arbole *Deborah Garrison, Please Fire Me Nikki Giovanni, Nikki-Rosa *Jorie Graham, I Was Taught Three H. D. , Heat H. D. , Helen *Marilyn Hacker, I’m Four *Rachel Hadas, Thick and Thin *Joy Harjo, Morning Song Thomas Hardy, The Convergence of the Twain Robert Hayden, Homage to the Empress of the Blues *Seamus Heaney, Mid-term BreakGerard Manley Hopkins, God’s Grandeur Gerard Manley Hopkins, The Windhover *Garett Kaoru Hongo, The Hongo Store 29 Miles Volcano Hilo, Hawaii *Andrew Hudgins, Desert Island Ted Hughes, Visit *Donald Justice, On the Death of Friends in Childhood *Donald Justice, School Letting Out John Keats, La Belle Dame sans Merci: A Ballad John Keats, Bright Star! Would I Were Steadfast as Thou Art John Keats, Ode on a Gredian Urn John Keats, When I Have Fears *Aron Keesbury, On the Robbery across the Street *Jane Kenyon, A Boy Goes into the World Philip Larkin, Aubade *Li-Young Lee, The Gift *Phillip Levine, Llanto Harry McCabe, Evening at the Shack Claude McKay, If We Must Die *James Merrill, Page from the Koran *M. S. Merwin, For the Anniversary of My Death John Milton, When I Consider How My Light Is Spent Pablo Neruda, The United Fruit Co. *Dan Nester, Pay Per View etude *Sharon Olds, The One Girl at the Boys Party Sharon Olds, Rite of Passage *Frank O’Hara, Autobiographia Literaria *Mary Oliver, Alligator Poem Michael Ondaatje, Dates *Gregory Orr, Once the two of us Linda Pastan, Ethics Linda Pastan, Marks *Lucia Perillo, Scott Wonders if His Daughter Will Understand Tragedy if He Kills Rock and RollMarge Piercy, Barbie Doll Marge Piercy, The Friend *Robert Pinsky, If You Could Write One Great Poem, What Would You Want It to Be About? Sylvia Plath, Metaphors Sylvia Plath, Mirror Ezra Pound, The River-Merchant’s Wife: A Letter Henry Reed, Naming of Parts Edwin Arlington Robinson, Miniver Cheevy Edwin Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory *Kay Ryan, That Will to Divest Carl Sandburg, Fog *Sonia Sanchez, right on: white america Anne Sexton, Sylvia’s Death William Shakespeare, Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds William Shakespeare, Not Marble, nor the Gilded Monuments Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ode to the West Wind Charles Simic, Spring *Louis Simpson, A S hearling Coat Stevie Smith, Not Waving but Drowning Cathy Song, Lost Sister Gary Soto, Black Hair *Wole Soyinka, Hamlet Barry Spacks, On Finding a Yiddish Newspaper on the Riverside Line William Stafford, Traveling through the Dark Wallace Stevens, Anecdote of the Jar Wallace Stevens, The Emperor of Ice-Cream *Mark Strand, Old Man Leaves a Party *Virgil Suarez, Aguacero Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Ulysses *John Updike, Rainbow Gina Valdes, My Mother Sews Blouses Margaret Walker, Lineage Edmund Waller, Go, Lovely Rose James Welch, The Man from WashingtonPhyllis Wheatley, On Being Brought from Africa to America Walt Whitman, A Noiseless Patient Spider Walt Whitman, from Song of Myself *C. K. Williams, Tantrum William Carlos Williams, The Dance William Wordsworth, Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802 William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud William Wordsworth, My Heart Leaps Up When I Behold William Wordsworth, She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways William Wordsworth, Th e Solitary Reaper William Butler Yeats, Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop William Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree William Butler Yeats, Sailing to ByzantiumWilliam Butler Yeats, The Second Coming 28. Biographical Sketches of Selected Poets DRAMA 29. Understanding Drama Dramatic Literature The Origins of the Modern Theater The Ancient Greek Theater The Elizabethan Theater The Modern Theater Kinds of Drama Tragedy Comedy A Note on Translations August Strindberg, The Stronger *Jane Martin, Beauty Reading Drama (only in Portable) 30. Reading and Writing About Drama Reading Drama Active Reading Previewing Highlighting or Annotating Writing About Drama Planning an Essay Choosing a Topic Finding Something to Say Seeing Connections Deciding on a Thesis Preparing an OutlineDrafting an Essay Student Paper: The Women’s Role in Trifles (First Draft) First Draft Commentary Revising and Editing an Essay Student Paper: Confinement and Rebellion in Trifles (Second Draft) Second Draft Commentary Student Paper: Desperate Measures: Acts of Defiance in Trifles (Final Draft) Final Draft Commentary 31. Plot Plot Structure Plot and Subplot Plot Development Flashbacks Foreshadowing Checklist: Writing About Plot Susan Glaspell, Trifles *Sam Shepard, True West Henrik Ibsen, A Doll House Writing Suggestions: Plot 32. Character Character’s Words Formal and Informal Language Plain and Elaborate Style Tone IronyCharacter’s Actions Stage Directions Actor’s Interpretations Checklist: Writing About Character Anton Chekov, The Brute Paddy Chayefsky, Marty *David Auburn, Proof Arthur Miller, Death of a Salesman Writing Suggestions: Character 33. Staging Stage Directions The Uses of Staging Costumes Props Scenery and Lighting Music and Sound Effects A Final Note Checklist: Writing About Staging Milcha Sanchez-Scott, The Cuban Swimmer Sophocles, Oedipus the King William Shakespeare, A Midsummer Night’s Dream Writing Suggestions: Staging 34. Theme Titles Conflicts Dialogue Characters Staging A Final Note Checklist: Writing About ThemeWendy Wasserstein, Tender Offer *Margaret Edson, W;t Sophocles, Antigone August Wilson, Fences Writing Suggestions: Theme 35. Tennessee Williams’ The Glass Menagerie: A Casebook for Reading, Research, and Writing Tennessee Williams, The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams, Author’s Production Notes (Preface to the Published Edition) James Fisher, From The Angels of Fructification Eric P. Levy, From Through the Soundproof Glass Jacqueline O’Connor, From Dramatizing Dementia: Madness in the Plays of Tennessee Williams Edwina Dakin Williams, Tennessee Williams, Dakin Williams, and Shepherd Meade, Excerpts from Three MemoirsJean Evans and Walter Wager, Excerpts from Two Interviews with Williams Thomas L. King, Irony and Distance in The Glass Menagerie Nancy Tischler, Nancy Marie Patterson, From A Student Companion to Tennessee Williams Roger B. Stein, From The Glass Menagerie Revisited: Catastrophe without Violence Tom Scanlan, from Family, Drama, and American Dreams Roger Boxill, The Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams, Portrait of a Girl in Glass Topics for Further Research Student Paper: Laura’s Gentlemen Caller 36. William Shakespeare’s Hamlet: A Casebook for Reading, Research, and Writing William Shakespeare, HamletElizabeth Mullenix, Reitz, The Sublime or the Ridiculous? Siyang, Zhang, Hamlet’s Melancholy Vince Escanalar, Foils in Hamlet Mark Rose, From Reforming the Role Ellen J. O’Brien, From Revision by Excision: Rewriting Gertrude June Schlueter and James P. Lusardi, From Study to Stage to Classroom Sandra K. Fisher, Ophelia’s Mad Speeches Topics for Further Research Student Paper: â€Å"Reclaiming Shakespeare’s Gertrude: Rejecting Role Revisions on Stage and in Film” WRITING ABOUT LITERATURE 37. Three Common Writing Assignments 38. Writing a Research Paper Choosing a Topic Looking for Sources Narrowing Your TopicDoing Research Taking Notes Integrating Sources Avoiding Plagiarism Drafting a Thesis Statement Making an Outline Writing Your Paper Documenting Your Sources Parenthetical References in the Text Guidelines for Punctuating Parenthetical References Sample References The List of Works Cited Informal Documentation Content Notes To Cite Several Sources To Provide Explanations Sample Literature Papers with MLA Documentation Student Paper, And Again She Makes the Journey: Character and act in Eudora Welty’s A Worn Path Student Paper: â€Å"A & P”: A Class Act 39. Using Literary Theory in Your Writing FormalismA Formalist Reading: Kate Chopan’s â€Å"The Storm” For Further Reading: Formalism Reader-Response Criticism Reader-Response Reading’s: Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Storm” For Further Reading: Reader-Response Criticims Sociological Criticism Feminist Criticism A Feminist Reading: Tillie Olsen’s â€Å"I Stand Here Ironingâ⠂¬Â For Further Reading: Feminist Criticism Marxist Criticism A Marxist Reading: Tillie Olsen’s â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing” For Further Reading: Marxist Criticism New Historicism A New Historicist Reading: Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper” For Further Reading: New Historicist CriticismPsychoanalytic Criticism Psychoanalytic Terms A Psychoanalytic Reading: Edgar Allen Poe’s â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado” For Further Reading: Psychoanalytic Criticism Structuralism A Structuralist Reading: William Faulkner’s â€Å"Barn Burning” For Further Reading: Structuralism Deconstruction A Deconstructionist Reading: Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find” For Further Reading: Deconstruction 40. Writing Essay Exams About Literature Planning an Essay Exam Answer Review Your Material Consider Your Audience and Purpose Read through the Entire Exam Read the Question CarefullyKey Words in Ex am Questions Brainstorm to Find Ideas Shaping an Essay Exam Answer Stating a Thesis Making a Scratch Outline Drafting and Revising an Essay Exam Answer Appendix A: Literary History: Aristotle to the Twentieth Century Beginnings: The Greeks and Romas (c. 450 b. c. †a. d. 400) The Middle Agesa (c. A. D. 400 †1500) The Renaissance (c. 1500-1660) The Enlightenment (c. 1660 †1798) The Romantic Period (1798 †1837) The Victorian Period (1837 †1901) The Modern Period (1901 †Present) Glossary of Literary Terms Acknowledgements Index of Authors, Titles, and First Lines of Poetry\r\n'