Chordates and Vertebrates Lab Essay

Procedures/Methods: For each organism, find and draw a representative image. Each organism may include prepared slides as well as specimens, or students may need to find them on the internet. Provide descriptive notes for each organism and address any questions asked in detail using complete sentences. List all references. Results: 1. Urochordata –Tunicates a. Molgula – preserved i. What is the function of the two knobs/protrusions? The function of the two knobs/ protrusions are the incurrent and excurrent siphons. These creatures are suspension feeders so the siphons are where water and nutrients are exchanged, and wastes and gametes leave. 2. Cephalochordata a. (Amphiox) Lancelets – note the pharynx with gill slits, the nerve cord and the notochord 3. Vertebrata a. Lampreys – most primitive i. How do adult lampreys feed? Lampreys lack the typical jaws of other fishes, in both their larval and adult forms. After metamorphosis though, the oral hood present in larval lampreys is replaced by the adult’s concave, circular, sucker-disk mouth, with horny teeth. The feeding behavior is characterized by rhythmic rasping, negative pressure pulses in the sucker, and swallowing of fluid into the gut. Once the lamprey is attached to a host fish, the parasite extracts blood and/or muscle tissue. They prey on fishes in the ocean or lake system with their toothed oral suction like disc and breaking the skin and using a tongue that is covered with keratinized teeth to suction off blood and bits of tissue. They stay attached to their host usually until the resources are no longer available and are known to kill their hosts, but they can detach whenever they so choose. b. Chondricthyes i. Rays ii. Dogfish shark c. Ray-finned fishes – note bony support structures on fins i. Perch – 1. Note the swim bladder. What is its purpose? The swim bladder, also called the air bladder, is a buoyancy organ possessed by the perch as well as most bony fish. The swim bladder is located in the body cavity and is derived from an out-pocketing of the digestive tube. It contains gas (usually oxygen) and functions as a hydrostatic, or ballast, organ, enabling the fish to maintain its depth without floating upward or  sinking. It also serves as a resonating chamber to produce or receive sound. In some species the swim bladder contains oil instead of gas. In certain primitive fish it functions as a lung or respiratory aid instead of a hydrostatic organ. ii. Catfish iii. Eels Tetrapods (Within Vertebrata) 1. Amphibia a. Toads b. Frogs 2. Reptilia a. Lizards b. Snakes c. What is a distinguishing characteristic between reptiles and amphibians? Although both species are cold blooded, they are very different in appearance and physical makeup. Reptiles are covered in distinctive scales, and some may even have a rough texture. Amphibians, on the other hand, typically have smooth moist skin. Reptiles also have more diverse body types than amphibians. They may or may not have limbs, and can range in size from very small to substantially larger and heavier than humans. Most adult amphibians have four limbs, and while their size varies, very few grow larger than a man’s arm. The role of water is also an important distinguishing characteristic. Though many reptiles live in the vicinity of water, this is not essential for them to stay alive and some lizards and snakes are ideally suited to dry areas. By contrast, many amphibians must remain moist in order to breathe, although they do have lungs, they also take in oxygen through their skin. This thin skin means that they lost moisture easily as well, and  some will even die if their skin dries completely. Life cycles are different in that when reptile eggs hatch, the young look like miniature adults. An amphibian initially emerges from an egg in the form of an aquatic larva, like a tadpole that breathes through gills until they mature and develop lungs so they may survive without being completely submerged. 3. Aves a. Roadrunner b. Barn Owl 4. Mammalia a. Cottontail rabbit b. Opossum c. Which of these organisms is a marsupial? The opossum also just spelled possum is the marsupial of these two organisms. d. What is a marsupial? A marsupial is a mammal of an order whose members are born incompletely developed. At birth, they take a long, arduous journey from the birth canal, driven purely by instinct, grabbing hold of the mother marsupial’s fur which she has cleaned and made easier to traverse with saliva, to reach the pouch. Upon reaching the pouch, they latch onto a teat which swells in their mouth to prevent them from being accidentally dislodged during the mother’s movements. They remain attached for months to continue and complete their development. Discussion: Students learned all of the following in the chordates and vertebrates lab. Chordates have four key characteristics. They have notochords, a dorsal, hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits or clefts, and a muscular, post anal tail. Two major groupings are Urochordata and Cephalochordata. The  urochordata to be observed are the tunicates. Tunicates retain pharyngeal slits, have incurrent and excurrent siphon, and they are suspension feeders. Lancelets are the cephalochordate that will be observed in the lab. The next grouping are the craniates. The craniates have chordate characteristics plus a distinct head. Myxini are craniates, an example of which being the hagfish, but there are no specimen to be observed in the lab. The next major grouping are the vertebrates. These are craniates plus a backbone. The backbone includes vertebrae, they have a more extensive skull, and more elaborate skeletal support. The Lampreys are basal vertebrates that are jawless with a cartilaginous skeleton, and they retain their notochord. The Gnathostomes are vertebrate characteristics plus a true hinged jaw. Chondrichthyes, sharks and rays have cartilaginous skeletons, are gnathostomes. Another gnathostome is actinopterygii, which are ray-finned fishes. They have bony fin support, and ossified skeleton. The perch is an example of the actinopterygii, which has a swim bladder for buoyancy control which is for air instead of urine. They have a lateral line for vibration sensation, which will be viewed in lab. Catfish and eels will also be observed. The next group are Tetrapods, which have all the characteristics of gnathostome plus limbs. They have five key characteristics. Four limbs and feet with digits, neck for head movement, pelvic girdle that is fused to back bone, no gills, and ears for sound detection. Amphibia are early life aquatic adult life. Examples of these are toads, frogs, salamanders, and caecilians (a legless lizard which even though he doesn’t have legs, he has all the other characteristics). The next group is the amniote, which has tetrapod characteristics plus terrestrially adapted egg. The amniotic egg membranes incled the amnion, chorion, yolk sac, and allantois. Examples are reptilian and aves (birds). The reptilian include tuataras, turtles, crocodilians, birds, snakes, lizards. The scales are waterproof and the lab has specimens of snakes and lizards. The aves have three characteristics, adaptation for flight (most), keratin-containing feathers, and they lack urinary bladder, and no teeth. There are roadrunner (just the foot) and barn owl (just the wing) specimens to observe in the lab. The last big group are the mammals. They have the same characteristics as the amniotes plus hair and milk production. There are five key characteristics. Mammals have mammary glands, hair, high metabolic rate (endothermic), larger brains, and  differentiated teeth (specialized for specific purposes). Under phylum mammalia, there are monotremes (platypus and echnida (only mammals that lay eggs), marsupials (pouched mammals-kangaroo, koala, possum), and eutherians (placental mammals). Conclusion: Students successfully completed this lab and learned the differences and characteristics for each organism. When viewing the Urochordata (Tunicates), the lab showed molgula. Students learned that the function of the two knobs/protrusions are the incurrent and excurrent siphons. Organisms with these incurrent and excurrent siphons are suspension feeders, so the siphons are where water and nutrients are exchanged and wastes and gametes leave. Then the Cephalochordata were viewed in the form of Lancelets, where students saw the pharynx with gill slits, the nerve chord and the notochord. Next, students observed the vertebrata. The lampreys were the most primitive, and from them it was learned that they lack the typical jaws of other fishes both in their larval and adult forms. The Lamprey’s feeding behavior is characterized by rhythmic rasping, negative pressure pulses in the sucker, and swallowing of fluid into the gut. Then the students viewed the chondricthyes in the forms of rays and dogfish. Next the ray-finned fishes were observed, including the perch, catfish, and the eels. The students saw the bony support structures on the fins and also learned about the purpose of the swim bladder. The swim bladder, also called the air bladder, is a buoyancy organ possessed by the perch as well as most bony fish. The swim bladder is located in the body cavity and is derived from an out-pocketing of the digestive tube. It contains gas (usually oxygen) and functions as a hydrostatic, or ballast, organ, enabling the fish to maintain its depth without floating upward or sinking. It also serves as a resonating chamber to produce or receive sound. After the ray-finned fishes, the tetrapods were observed. The amphibians, reptilians, aves, and mammals were all observed. Students viewed toads, frogs, lizards and snakes for amphibians and reptialians respectively. Students also learned the differences between the amphibians and reptiles. Reptiles are covered in distinctive scales, and some may even have a rough texture. Amphibians, on  the other hand, typically have smooth moist skin. Reptiles also have more diverse body types than amphibians. They may or may not have limbs, and can range in size from very small to substantially larger and heavier than humans. Most adult amphibians have four limbs, and while their size varies, very few grow larger than a man’s arm. The role of water is also an important distinguishing characteristic. Though many reptiles live in the vicinity of water, this is not essential for them to stay alive and some lizards and snakes are ideally suited to dry areas. By contrast, many amphibians must remain moist in order to breathe, although they do have lungs, they also take in oxygen through their skin. This thin skin means that they lost moisture easily as well, and some will even die if their skin dries completely. Life cycles are different in that when reptile eggs hatch, the young look like miniature adults. An amphibian initially emerges from an egg in the form of an aquatic larva, like a tadpole that breathes through gills until they mature and develop lungs so they may survive without being completely submerged. Roadrunners and barn owls were observed for aves. For mammals, cottontail rabbits and opossums were observed. Students also learned what marsupials are. A marsupial is a mammal of an order whose members are born incompletely developed. At birth, they take a long, arduous journey from the birth canal, driven purely by instinct, grabbing hold of the mother marsupial’s fur which she has cleaned and made easier to traverse with saliva, to reach the pouch. Upon reaching the pouch, they latch onto a teat which swells in their mouth to prevent them from being accidentally dislodged during the mother’s movements. They remain attached for months to continue and complete their development. The lab successful familiarized students with all the different types of vertebrates/chordates. References: List all references used in APA format. Carol, R. L. â€Å"The Origin of Reptiles.† In Origins of the Higher Groups of Tetrapods† Controversy and Consensus, edited by H. P. Schultze and L. Trueb. Ithaca, NY: Comstock, 1991. â€Å"Morphology of the Vertebrates†. University of California Museum of Paleontology. Retrieved 2008-09-23 Nelson, J. S. (2006). Fishes of the World (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. pp. 601 pp. ISBN 0-471-25031-7. Personal Communication. Dr. Bledsoe. November 5, 2014. Rychel, A.L., Smith, S.E., Shimamoto, H.T., and Swalla, B.J. (2006). â€Å"Evolution and Development of the Chordates: Collagen and Pharyngeal Cartilage†. Molecular Biology and Evolution 23 (3): 541–549. Shu, D-G., Conway Morris, S., and Han, J (January 2003). â€Å"Head and backbone of the Early Cambrian vertebrate Haikouichthys†. Nature 421 (6922): 526–529. swim bladder. (2014). In Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/577044/swim-bladder tunicate. (2014). In Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/609172/tunicate/49484/External-features

Infant Observation Essay

For my assignment, I observed at the daycare program housed inside my church called Gateway To Learning (2930 Rayford Rd., Spring, TX 77386), a Christian childcare provider for ages 6-weeks to fourth grade (after school). There are currently 185 children enrolled in the GTL program, including after-schoolers. GTL employs approximately 50 people, not including substitute teachers. The teacher:student ratios are as follows: ages 6 weeks to 12 months – 4:1, 12 to 18 months – 5:1, 18 to 24 months – 9:1, 2 year olds – 11:1, 3 year olds – 15:1, and four year olds – 18:1. All of the teachers must be CPR certified, First Aid certified, and trained in SIDS, shaken baby syndrome, infant brain development, and child abuse. I was placed in the infant room with babies 6-weeks to one year. The room was set up well. There were eight cribs and/or pack-and-plays aligned around the walls of the room with allowed for easy movement of teachers and crawlers. In t he center of the room was a bright, primary color plat mat that the little ones loved rolling around on. There were also bouncers and jumper play toys for the kids to hop inside and have fun with. In one corner of the room was the changing table, kitchenette for warming milk and mixing baby cereal, and refrigerator for storage. There was ample storage space in the kitchenette and the entrances were blocked with childproof gates. Each child has a cubby to put their diaper bags in as well as extra toys, blankets, etc. I think that the room was just the right size for the amount of children in the class, and I think that it was set up in a user-friendly way so getting around was simple. The infant room was on a schedule, but the babies are tiny and all on their own schedules at home, so it was difficult for the teachers to get all of the children doing the same thing at the same time. For instance, when it was time for lunch, some babies had just fallen asleep. The schedule was fairly straightforward: arrive, breakfast, nap, play, lesson, lunch, nap, play, leave. But like I mentioned, some babies were doing their own thing, napping when they could have been playing or playing when they were supposed to be eating. Upon asking the teachers about the schedule, they all agreed that if everyone is happy, then the schedule comes second. I think I would agree with their opinions. Although the infant room wasn’t strict on scheduling, all of the babies were happy during my observation. None of the children in the infant room were talking much. There was only one baby (11 months) that could make actual words. He could say â€Å"Mama† and â€Å"Dada.† Pretty basic. The other babies were verbal, definitely able to let you know if they were hungry, wet or tired, just not producing identifiable words. At one point during my time, one baby was in a jumper talking with another baby across the room. They were chatting back and forth and laughing with each other. I wish I could have understood what they were saying, because it was so cute. My favorite age in the infant room were 6-9 months because they were so bright-eyed and ready for anything. All of the teachers spoke with cheerful voices and kept their tones light. When they would talk directly to a baby, they wouldn’t use baby-talk and instead focused on using the same words over and over again to teach the baby to remember select words or phrases. For example, when one baby was hungry and started crying, the teacher that fed him kept saying, â€Å"Letâ⠂¬â„¢s get your milk.† I asked if the babies tended to remember the short words or phrases and she responded that half of the time there was success. When it came to diapering, the changing table was sanitized after each diaper change and new wax paper is laid on the cushion before the next baby is changed. Employees must wear gloves when changing diapers and wash their hands after finishing. Every few hours, the toys in the infant room are sanitized. The floor mat is sanitized three times a day, once in the morning, once at lunch, and once in the afternoon. To prevent bad health/hygiene, employees are required to wash their hands before handling personal baby items such as food, clothes, pacifiers, etc. If one child has a runny nose and the teacher uses a tissue, she will then have to wash her hands even though her skin never touched the baby’s runny nose. The teachers in the infant room were constantly washing their hands, just to be safe. When the babies were ready to be fed, the teacher would wash her hands, warm the milk/mix the baby cereal, and either sit in a rocking chair or place the baby in a freshly sanitized high chair to feed them. After the baby was finished, the teacher would wash out the bottles/bowls and sanitize the high chair. Then she would wash her hands again. Each baby was on their own feeding schedule, so running water was a noise I heard constantly throughout the day. When the babies were ready to go to bed, they were placed in a crib designated for them. Each baby was given a blanket provided by the parents during nap time and a pacifier if provided by the parent as well. Some babies slept in 20 minute intervals while others slept for an hour depending on their age. Like I mentioned, it is hard to get all of the babies to sleep at the same time, but I was surprised that the ones who would fall asleep stayed asleep while their classmates fussed when hungry or wet. There were a variety of toys for the babies to play with. From dogs that sang songs to maracas for them to shake, each baby had plenty of options. The favorite toys in the room were the ones where the baby could lay down while playing with them, so mobiles and jumpers were the most popular. There were also electric swings to lay the babies in if they weren’t happy sleeping in their cribs as well as pack-and-plays. When it came to communication between teachers and parents, there were quite a few ways of transferring information. Each baby had a clipboard with their name on it with papers that were sent home with the parents at the end of each day. The slips had time slots when diapers were changed, bottles were drunk, and naps were taken. I liked how easy it was to organize the information and still keep the parents happy. Notes were often sent in diaper bags for specific inquiries like â€Å"Can you please send an extra onesie tomorrow?† and of the sort. Overall I think the communication process is very organized and is easy for everyone. My overall opinion of GTL is very high. I had a great time observing and learning about how my church provides care for kids that don’t always come on Sundays. The atmosphere of GTL was very positive and everyone seemed genuinely happy to be working there. All of the teachers were friendly with the kids, even when they had to punish them or take something away, and did everything with a kind heart. The room was very clean and the babies were all happy (most of the time). I liked how each baby had their own crib and cubby, and how everyone was so personable. There were a lot of people stopping by the door just to say â€Å"hi† to another teacher, and I liked knowing that all of the employees seemed to get along with each other without too many issues. The director was pleasant and inviting, as well as knowledgeable when it came to procedures, trainings, and employing new team members. I really enjoyed my time at GTL and will definitely go back when I need to gather more information for my Pre-School observatio n.

Oration About Environment Essay

Power crisis is a perennial problem particularly among nations which are dependent on foreign countries for their energy source. Oil is an expensive commodity, but it is the life-blood of developing nations in their quest for comfort in life. The life of the business world in said countries depends on a highest degree on power run by oil. But they will have to bear the price of oil in order to maintain operation. Energy for household use is therefore given the backseat in importance due to its high cost. We need alternative source for that matter. Our country, the Philippines, is believed to have rich source of fossil fuel. However, the problem is how to mine it. Foreign investors are usually allowed by government to explore prospect sites. For example, one latest findings of reservoir sands and hydrocarbon at Dabakan in Mapun island, Tawi-Tawi in southern Philippines by the Exxon Mobil Corp., is now in progress. This discovery of hydrocarbons considered to occur naturally in unprocessed petroleum has prompted the company to invest another $100 million for the drilling of another well, news reports says.Significant oil and gas reserves have also been discovered in Malampaya and Galuc fields in Palawan. There are other sites of more fuel reserves being mined by foreign investors and yet our country imports expensive oil. Isn’t it embarrassing that our country which is rich in fossil fuel underneath, is again being threatened by power shortage, the timing of which is projected to be on the 2010 election day? In fact, it is already beginning to happen these days. Here, let me share you my personal observation and suggestions to my countrymen along this energy problem. I want to share my views and opinion, in the hope that it would also serve as an eye-opener to people in underdeveloped or developing countries as well, in the following oration piece I wrote for my daughter in high school which she delivered as a contest piece. From this , you can deduce about the state of our power problems more than 15 years ago and which is still gaining intensity now. Please allow me to give a backgrounder to this oration piece. My daughter emerged champion in a city division oratorical competition when she was in fourth year high school in 1994. She garnered a gold medal. She represented the division schools in the next level, regional contest. She didn’t make it there though, but the experience was something she cherishes to this day.

Measuring and Improving Employee Motivation Essay

Measuring and Improving Employee Motivation - Essay Example The performance is stereotypical a feature that implies that the employees can sue him for destroying their reputation and discriminating against them based on their races. Racial segregation is a heinous criminal offense with the American government striving to create a holistic society. Such performances, therefore, derail government’s endeavors targeted at developing a cohesive society. Additionally, the United States underwent a period of intense racial segregation. The animosity that existed among the numerous races impaired the development of the country. To limit the manifestation of the undesirable features, the government banned racial segregation in its attempt to create a cohesive American society. The government thus criminalized numerous social features that would amount to racial discrimination, performing such imitations in a workplace with numerous people from diverse backgrounds amounts to racial discrimination, thus a criminal offense. While none of the emplo yees considered undertaking a legal action against Smith, the stunt was illegal and was an abject portrayal of disregard to the basic values of humanity. In another equal action pact scene in the episode, Michael Scot harasses the Indian woman a feature that prompts the woman to slap him in the face. The act of aggression constitutes a criminal offense and is an unethical practice in an ideal workplace. As such, Michael Scot can readily accuse the woman of battery, which is a serious criminal offense in the country. Additionally, the woman can also accuse Scot of harassment, which is an equally serious offense. Sexual offenses are serious offenses in any society and the fact that the harassment occurs at a workplace worsens the situation. In fact, should Scot press charges for battery, the Indian can readily claim that she acted in self-defense since Scot makes the first move to harass him. The behavior of the two contravenes factors that create a conducive workplace.

INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS - Essay Example Finally, the report will handle supply chain design and management, that is, how coffee from the country of choice will be transported and stored and how it will be processed. Coffee is the most popular hot drink around the world. It’s eminent if at the counters of most restaurant, commutes and kitchen. Also people who do jobs that involve the brain a lot preferred to take coffee as it acts as a â€Å"coolant† of the brain. Statistics show that most consumers of coffee are the modernised nations even though the third world countries are the major producer of it. This industry accounts for approximately $20 billion dollars of exports and is worth $100 billion worldwide (Bacon, 2008). Moreover, it has been shown that over 500 billion cups of coffee cups are drunk annually and this comes from 25 million people who work in coffee farms. Furthermore, over 50 countries all over the world grow coffee. Out of the five countries, Asia, South America, Caribbean, Africa and Central America, that grow coffee to the world, America contributes up to 67% of the global coffee output. Though coffee is manufactured in different flavours, depending on which country it has been processed from, coffee only exists in two different form: Arabica and Robust, being the only commercially cultivated and vended beans. Of the two types, Arabica is mostly grown and liked because of its flavour. On the other hand, Robusta is considered to be affordable and hardier Statistics has shown that coffee restaurants are on the rise with an approximately 7% annual growth rate. However, a large market for coffee is in the U.S where the third largest restaurant chain in the world, Starbucks, is the leading restaurant in coffee consumption worldwide accounting for 75% of Americans who take coffee. Other countries like Finland are known for drinking the most coffee per capita in the world. Supply of coffee from firms is fostered by fair trade (Daviron

Developmental stage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Developmental stage - Research Paper Example This viewpoint is clearly illustrated by one infancy development author: The human baby is the most socially influenced creature on earth, open to learning what his own emotions are and how to manage them. This means that our earliest experiences as babies have much more relevance to our adult selves than many of us realise. It is as babies that we first feel and learn what to do with our feelings, when we start to organise our experience in a way that will affect our later behaviour and thinking The first aspect that must be developed in a young offspring is cognition. This is the initial period of alertness where a young offspring learns about his environment and finds ways to appropriately interact with it. Although their memory is not yet refined, they are able to familiarize themselves with the faces, voices, touch or smell of the persons surrounding them. Their range of vision is also limited but they can easily spot bright and moving objects. According to Jean Piaget, there are two significant events that happen during cognitive development. First is what he calls the â€Å"goal-directed behavior† wherein infants start to learn about the cause and effect of their actions. Moreover, they repeat particular actions for they already have the idea that those actions will bring out their desired results. The second significant event in cognition is their notion for â€Å"object permanence†. Before, infants think that if something that they have seen is taken away or hidden, it is completely gone. After their third month, babies will start to develop their thinking that a thing still exists even if it cannot be seen. During this stage, it is normal that infants exhibit budding and intense curiosity with their immediate surrounding. This is the primary reason why babies use their hands and mouth to inspect things. They find joy in exploring things by touching and

Analysing Changes in Tesco's Environment and how the firm Deals with Assignment

Analysing Changes in Tesco's Environment and how the firm Deals with Them - Assignment Example The current crisis is on the path to exceed the crisis of oil in depth and extent and so the time calls for all the nations to come together and face the existing challenges. The second principle takes into account the actions that are suited to various economic phases. The third principle asks to take a comprehensive approach over horizons of time. The specific measures include measures that aim to support employment. In this measure emphasis is put on emergency employment opportunities that will create new jobs and provide a safety net for the casual workers. The supports that can be provided by the government are increasing the level of subsidies or unemployment benefits. The government can also lend its hand to support re-employment and provide opportunities that will help to develop the vocational skills of the labor force. The support system should also include the persons with disabilities. Among the financial measures the policies includes promoting the financial intermediary services for smooth functioning, to bring the small and medium sized enterprises under the financial support systems, the support system should also consider the large and medium sized companies. ... The countries dependent on exports as a result was losing precious foreign exchange. Performance of Tesco in times of recession The company that has been selected for the project is Tesco Plc Ltd. The company has got the headquarters at United Kingdom and id the multinational grocery of Britain. The company is ranked third in the world when measured by revenues and ranked second when measured by profits. The company operates in 14 countries across many continents and is the leader of the market in UK. The company is also listed in the LSE (London Stock Exchange). The company held its position during the global financial crisis and faced huge competition. The degree of competition can be determined by share of the market, consumer base, and penetration into the market. The factors that can be accounted for is the â€Å"Terry Leahy factor’. The Chief executive officer of the company declared that the company has only become stronger after recession than it was before recession. Tesco is involved in opening up new stores in different corners of the world. One cannot account for any single reason for the success of the company during the times of recession but the foremost or the prime reason that can be accounted is the focus of the company on the consumers. It sounds simple but rarely companies follow this step. The size of the company also matters. The company took the initiatives to sell more. The resultant was better terms of buying. The general economic theories played in the market and that equals to lower prices as well as higher levels of profit. The virtuous circle is complete when the lower prices attract more selling potential. The range of the prices was designed to serve the

Evolution Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Evolution - Term Paper Example This is unlike many treatments of evolution where readers are often confused as a result of being conflated with different definitions of the term. The decision to divide â€Å"Darwinism† into six components makes the understanding of various concepts easy (Coyne, 2009). It is indeed true that, over time, allele rate of recurrence change in an inhabitants. It is also true that different organisms have occupied the earth at different times. The critical role of natural selection is in this is also an undisputed fact. Common ancestry is received positively by a majority within the scientific field (Coyne, 2009). My reflection on common descent is that while it is a defensible position, it is not as much supported as it is made out. Consequently, the points of concern in this chapter, in my view, include the extent to which gradualism is true and the sufficiency of natural selection. The second chapter of the book is ‘written in the rocks.’ It uses fossil evidence to justify common descent. It is indeed true that fossil records show a tendency where simpler organisms precede more complex ones. This is also exactly what one would anticipate as a result of a common origin (Coyne, 2009). A feature that would be absent in Darwin’s theory, but would be the noticeable pattern of morphological difference preceding diversity (Coyne, 2009). In my view, an interesting aspect of the fossil record is that, unlike Darwin’s theory, it ranks the higher taxonomic categories first and, consequently makes them appear first in the taxonomic ranking. There are three main evolutionary transition trends specified by the fossil record i.e. fish to amphibians evolution, reptiles to birds and whales to terrestrial mammals evolution (Coyne, 2009). Accordingly, there are three important insights that emerge from the fossil record. Firstly is that the fossil spells out the evolution process (Coyne, 2009). The records within rocks provide a great deal of

Occupational Safety and Health Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Occupational Safety and Health Act - Essay Example The concerns that had prompted passage of this landmark law were hardly unfamiliar or new ("Act of Congress: Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970"). Accidents in America's factories and mines had ruined thousand of worker's lives. Federal statistics compiled since 1911 had also documented a growing epidemic of work-related illness and diseases. The first federal statute passed by Congress that required safety equipment in the workplace was the Safety Appliance Act which was applied only to railroad equipment. In 1910, the Congress established the federal Bureau of Mines to conduct research into the mine safety in response to a series of highly-publicized and deadly mine explosions and collapses. The broadest early federal reform measures - legislation establishing the Department of Labor in 1913 and banning exploitive child labor in 1938 - intentionally left most regulatory power over industrial working conditions with the states. The Esch Act of 1912 effectively outlawed the p roduction of white phosphorus matches, and the Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act banned federal contract work done under hazardous conditions. These laws, as well as the growing number of labor unions and public anger toward poor workplace safety, led to the significant reductions in worker accidents for a time. State regulations of workplace began as part of the Progressive response to the industrial revolution during the 19th century. Early in the twentieth century, the increasing labor movement lobbied successfully for further regulation. Eventually, the federal government became involved in workplace safety during the Franklin's Roosevelt presidency. (US History Encyclopedia: Occupational Safety and Health Act). Industrial production increased significantly in the United States during World War II, and industrial accidents soared. Winning the war took precedence over safety, and most labor unions were more concerned with maintaining wages in the face of severe inflation than with workplace health and safety. After the war ended, however, workplace accident rates remained high and began to rise. In the two years preceding OSHA's enactment, 14,000 workers died each year from workplace hazards, and another 2 million were disabled or harmed. Additionally, the "chemical revolution" introduced a vast array of new chemical compounds to the manufacturing environment. The health effects of these chemicals were poorly understood, and workers received few protections against prolonged or high levels of exposure. While a few states, such as California and New York, had enacted workplace safety as well as workplace health legislation, most states had not changed their workplace protection laws since the turn of the century. Workplace Conditions Before the Passage of the OSHA In the mid - 1960's, growing awareness of the environmental impact of many chemicals, and the changes in America industry, exposed the ineffectiveness of existing state and federal laws. In 1965, the Public Health Service published an influential report that outlined some of the recently discovered technological dangers, including chemicals linked to cancer. The report called for a major national occupational health effort, criticizing existing federal law as too limited and state programs as uncoordinated and insufficient. The AFL-CIO and other labor organizations urged President Lyndon Johnson to support the report's recommendations. The Passage of

VIS 2 Final Paper Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

VIS 2 Final Paper - Article Example This piece of work is characterized by stained glass that provides vibrant views hence creating a sense of feeling to the audience. In addition, the stained glass has vibrant patterns that shine upon someone teeth, characterizing the essence of paint. This piece of artistic work reminds me of one the greatest actress known as Linda Montana. This is one of the outstanding actress well known for artistically work such as â€Å"Pennies from Heaven performed in the year 1981 and â€Å"Americathon† in the year 1979 among others. Linda Montana has articulated real life situations through her acting perception. My stained glass of cathedral artistic work, gives us a clear understanding that the colors and clarity of artistically unveiled work speaks a lot to the audience (Howie, 102- 113). In addition, this artist is one of the greatest performing artists ever heard as far as the artistically work is of concern. This artist has performed outstanding piece of work especially in the year 2010 when she unveiled their artistically work entitled â€Å"The Artist is present.† Through this work, we learn that each and every artistically work passes a message to the audience. Like on my artistically work, the stained glass of cat hedral has vibrant patterns that shine upon someone teeth’s, characterizing the essence of paint and this is a point of attractions that creates the essence of eagerness as far as the audience is of concern (Jongh and Gold,  282 - 287). Various lifetime projects including â€Å"Seedbed† was unveiled by Linda Montana on the purpose of involving public in the production of work by creating a situation of reciprocal interchange among the artists and viewer. Various piece of work produced and acted by various artists symbolizes either an event or a moment of remembrance. I was one of the lucky people here on earth to share a piece of moment with grandfather before he died. He was a man full of joy and he loved most

Wall Stree Journal Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wall Stree Journal Review - Essay Example On the other side the program which is being dropped by Google involves sale of print advertising for newspapers. The article and the subject of discussion is real terms the interaction of two strongest media of marketing. The article strongly suggests the influence of current global economic scenario on the marketing strategies of the corporate world. In the context of economic recession, the companies are emphasizing much on cost reduction and management. This is leading them to cull the economically sick components of the business. Official sources of Google have cited in the article that in place of Print Ads program, they would like to concentrate more on other economically viable components. The economic viability strategy of Google is being reflected in this crucial step. Moreover the very concept of management of marketing strategies according to the differing market conditions is evident in this case. Google has ensured to check the economic viability and profitability of the discussed business component. Spencer Spinnell, director of Google Print Ads has been stated to say in the article that while they hoped that Print Ads would create a new revenue stream for newspapers and produce more relevant advertising for consumers, the product did not create the impact that they and their partners expected. ( Vascellaro ,J E, 2009). This suggests the importance of involving a feasibility review process in each and every marketing policy. Google Print Ads was formed to offer advertisements for newspapers. It was possible for the customers to by advertisements in more than 800 U.S. newspapers through the program. This very fact avers the magnitude of the marketing involved as the target group involved two huge marketing platforms. Despite this scope, the company through the article has announced the closure of the program by February 28, 2009. ( Vascellaro ,J E, 2009). Adding to

The History of Curriculum Planning Essay Example for Free

The History of Curriculum Planning Essay An effective curriculum depends on its design. When developing and planning a curriculum, educators must focus on student success. According to Danielson (2002), â€Å"educators follow clearly defined steps that are designed to link the local curriculum to state and district content standards† (p. 81). Once a state has established a Standard Course of Study, educators can design a curriculum that will provide the most appropriate education possible for the diverse learners in that state. This will prepare students to become successful, contributing members in a 21st century society and global economy. In this paper, the author discusses the historical and political influences on the current curriculum practices, the effects of English Language Learners (ELL) and Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP) laws have on curriculum development, and the impact of gifted education on the evolution of curriculum development. Many political and historical influences on education come to mind, notably, the No Child Left Behind (NCLB) act and cases involving religion. Politics plays a very important part in curriculum development. The main component of politics is funding. Educational institutions rely on funding from federal, state, and local governments. These funds are used to hire personnel, build and maintain educational facilities, and purchase resources needed to define established goals. Failed programs such as No Child Left Behind have proved to be expensive and caused an increase in the achievement gaps among students. Designed to bridge achievement gaps, NCLB has not helped, but because it focuses on high-stakes testing, increased funding is needed to pay for the training, testing materials, and administration. Furthermore, NCLB focuses on literacy and math, leaving little time in curriculum for history, science, and the arts. â€Å"Any balanced curriculum should highlight the interconnectedness of various fields of knowledge, expose students to a  wide variety of experiences that can help them clarify their interests and talents, and incorporate appropriate ongoing assessment to gauge student mastery† (Cawelti, 2006, p. 67). Not only are there the issue of narrowed curricula and funding, research indicates NCLB has detrimental effects on minority and low-income students ((Woolhether, 2012). These students do receive the best education possible, because they are faced with overcrowded classrooms and teachers whose priority is â€Å"teaching to the test†. Education will continue to suffer as students are coached to pass tests and not taught a curriculum that will prepare them to live and participate in the 21st century. The other issue, school prayer and religion expression, has an impact on curriculum. Even though the court case Engel vs. Vitale (1962) sided with Engel concerning prayer in schools, it did not quell the issue of religion. Educators have to be careful when selecting resources for the curriculum. Choosing activities with religious undertones could pose problems for educators, such as musical and reading selections. However the move toward giving religion a role in education includes establishing guidelines that specify how students can pray in school, how religious clubs can have access to school facilities, and how teachers can incorporate religion into the curriculum (Brown, 2012). Increasing immigration in the United States has led to a large population of children who live in homes where English is not the primary language. To provide the best possible education for these diverse students, curriculum planning must include elementary school programs, such as ELL (English Language Learners) and SIOP (Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol) that address their needs. Some schools may offer several programs to accommodate these students while other schools may offer only one program. Some identified programs are (1) the English-language monolingual program where the child is in a regular English-language monolingual classroom; (2) the English-monolingual-plus-ESL program where the child is i n a regular English-language monolingual classroom, but receives instruction in English as a Second Language (ESL); (3) the Transitional bilingual education program where the child is placed in a bilingual education classroom and receives some form of English-language instruction, but also is taught in Spanish; (4) Maintenance bilingual education program, where children are placed in a bilingual education classroom and receives some form of English- Spanish instruction.  This program helps students develop full proficiency in both languages; (5) the structured immersion program where the child is in a classroom in which the subject matter is presented in English, but in a manner that students with limited English-language proficiency is insufficient (Honigsfeld, 2009). These programs are beneficial if the number of ESL teachers to student ratio is sufficient. Often funding issues lead to budget cuts in these areas. A positive for NCLB is that it allocates extra support for programs designed to help ELL students’ progress. The impact of gifted education on the planning of the curriculum is positive, but may also have some negative effects. The use of the multidimensional Curriculum Model (MdCM) helps educators to better prepare gifted students for the changing world, providing them with the skills needed for the 21st century (Vidergor, 2010). This model could be used as a framework for curriculum design and development that will reach and teach gifted students. The negative effects of gifted education include funding issues for hiring teachers capable of teaching gifted students and allocation of funds. Again, movements such as NCLB have overlooked the population of gifted students. Collaboration and planning a curriculum that uses differentiated instruction is an effective way to reach gifted students. Since funding is in short supply for gifted education, reaching out to community leaders will help them gain an understanding of the needs of gifted children. This can help dispel the myth that â€Å"gifted children can make it on their own† (Roberts Siegle, 2012). To save gifted education and serve gifted students, some schools are turning to the Schoolwide Cluster Grouping Model (SCGM). â€Å"When implemented well, the SCGM represents one viable solution for providing effective and consistent gifted services within certain budget restraints† (Brulles Winebrenner, 2011, p. 35). This model allows school leaders to embed gifted education services into the school system, making it possible that all students’ needs are met (Brulles Winebrenner, 2011). Funds will still have to be allocated for teacher training. Classroom instruction should reflect societal needs, the needs of students, and recommendations of experts in their field of study. These are important components when planning an effective curriculum. It is clear that ELL program models do not work for everyone, in other words, ‘one size does not fit all’. NCLB has proven beneficial by the allocation of funds to certain departments; however, it  must be revisited and revamped before it will be completely effective. Unfortunately, it does solve the problems that cause students to be left behind. NCLB also has a negative impact on gifted education. Emphasis is placed on lower achieving students and efforts to make these students proficient on standardized tests. A well-planned curriculum should be rigorous and demand from students higher-order thinking skills. References Brown, M. (2012). 50 years later: High court’s school prayer ruling still fuels religious liberty debate. Deseret News. Retrieved July 15, 2013 from http://www.deseretnews.com/article/865558046/50-years-later-High-courts-school-prayer-ruling-still-fuels-religious-liberty-debate.html?pg=all Brulles, D., Winebrenner, S. (2011). The schoolwide cluster grouping model: Restructuring gifted education services for the 21st century. Gifted Child Today, 34(4), 35-46. doi:10.1177/1076217511415381 Cawelti, G. (2006). NCLB: Taking stock, looking forward. The side effects of NCLB. Educational Leadership(64)3. 64-68. Danielson, C. (2002). Enhancing student achievement: A framework for school improvement. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development. Alexandria, VA. Engel v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962). Honigsfeld, A. (2009). Ell programs: Not one size fits all. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 45(4), 166-171. Roberts, J., Siegle, D. (2012). Teachers as advocates: If not You—who?. Gifted Child Today, 35(1), 58-61. doi:10.1177/1076217511427432 Vidergor, H. E. (2010). The Multidimensional Curriculum Model (MdCM). Gifted Talented International, 25(2), 153-165. Woolhether, L. (2012). The effects of NCLB on low-performing and minority students. Retrieved July 16, 2013 from http://www.ehow.com/info_7930134_effects-nclb-lowincome-minority-students.html

Public Attitudes of Proposed Wind Farm

Public Attitudes of Proposed Wind Farm With Irelands excellent wind resources, wind power has become one of the most rapidly growing sources of renewable energy in Ireland (Comhar, Nov 11). Many people in Ireland claim to be in favour of wind farming, and maintain that wind power is good source of renewable energy, which helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, numerous people also believe that these wind farms spoil the scenery and may have a negative effect on the local landscape, as well as having negative effects on tourism in the area concerned. As plans to create a new wind farm in County Clare have been put in motion, I wish to access the opinions of the citizens of West Clare on the proposed construction of a wind farm on the western slope of Mount Callan. Aims and Objectives As both the people of West Clare, and the wind farm itself, have to co-exist in the area in question, the opinions and attitudes of the local people are paramount in formulating an effective plan, and in executing it to final completion of the project. As the financial sustainability of the residents of the chosen area rely primarily on agriculture and tourism, opinions given on the impact the building of a wind farm may have on both of these economic areas are crucial to effectively and smoothly completing the project. The aim of this project is to access the opinions and attitudes of the citizens in West Clare on the proposed construction of a wind farm on the western slope of Mount Callan. The main objectives of this survey are to: Access whether or not the citizens of West Clare support the use of wind power. Access whether or not the citizens of West Clare support or oppose the construction of a wind farm on Mount Callan. Access whether or not the citizens in West Clare believe that a wind farm would benefit their local economy. To find out the opinions of the citizens of West Clare, on the effects a wind farm would have on the local landscape. Methodology Statistical analysis mapping can be used to combine quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. This is used to create a basis for the primary research. I have used the statistical analysis mapping method to extract data from the census in order to help me identify my area of study. To provide appropriate information for my study, I have mapped data relating to location, age, gender and length of time living at the current location (Kitchin Tate, 2000). Kilmihil, Creegh and Liscasey are the three closest townlands to the proposed construction site of the wind farm. These three townlands have a combined population of 724 with 65% of people being over the age of twenty. Of the population over the age of twenty, 52% of them are male and 48% are female (CSO). I will take a sample of 100 people, 52 male and 48 female from the combined population of the three towns aged over twenty. I will use systematic random sampling, selecting the fifth element at random, to conduct the questionnaire for quantitative data collection. These questionnaires will be distributed personally in local centres. This method of research has been used by Michler and Kodeih in their article Mussel and Seaweed Cultivation in Offshore Wind Farms: An Opinion Survey (Michler Kodeih, 2008). Q1.To which age category do you belong?20 – 30 31 – 40 41 – 50 51 – 64 65+ Q2Gender:Male Female Q3. Marital Status:Single Married Widow/Widower Q4.How many Children do you have?0 1 – 2 3 – 5 6+ Q5.Do you live in an urban or rural area?Urban Rural Q6.How long have you lived here? Q7.Is your household accommodation: Owner occupied with a mortgage? Owner occupied without a mortgage? Being purchased from the Local Authority? Being Rented from the Local Authority? Being rented from a private landlord? Q8.What is your occupation? Q9.If your occupation relates to agriculture, Arable farming what kind of agriculture are you engaged in? Livestock Other Q10.Do you think wind farms will affect agriculture?Yes No If yes, please explain. Q11. Would you support the constructionYes of a wind farm in your area? No Q12.Do you think a wind farm would affectYes the house prices in your area? No Q13.Do you think a wind farm wouldYes benefit your local economy? No Q14.Do you think that wind farm will Yes contribute to Irelands energy independence? No Q15.What affect do you think a wind farm would have on the local landscape? Q16.What problems do you think a wind farm in your area might cause? Q.17Would you be willing to take part in a follow upinterview to further express your views on wind farming? Yes No If Yes, please complete the following Name: Address: Phone Number: â€Å"Qualitative research methods are necessary when limited research has focused on a concept or phenomenon and it â€Å"needs to be understood† (Hunt, 2010). I will focus on interviews with the residents of these three towns to collect quantitative data. I will use an open-ended interview to conduct this part of the project. This technique uses a type of structured questionnaire, which does not constrict the answers of interviewee to categories provided by the interviewer; this better reflects the interviewee’s own thinking (Kitchin Tate, 2000). I have included a question on the quantitative questionnaire enquiring whether or not participants would be willing to take part in an interview. I am hoping I will receive twenty five participants that will agree to this. If I do not receive the required amount of participants for interviewing from the questionnaire, I will utilise the practice of cold calling to obtain the remaining participants. I will use a sample size of twenty five people, thirteen male and twelve female. I will interview six people from Kilmilhil, ten people from Liscasey and nine people from Creegh, to access their opinions on the proposed wind farm. This method of data collection was used by Sustainable Energy Ireland in their article on Attitudes towards the developments of wind farms in Ireland (ESI, 2003). Interview schedule I have read and understood this consent form completely and am willing to take part in this interview. I understand the purpose of this interview. I am aware that I can withdraw from this interview at any time. I understand that all my answers will be considered in the strictest confidence. Signed:Date: I am interested in the opinions of the citizens of West Clare on the construction of a wind farm on the west slope on Mount Callan. I would like to ask you a series of questions related to this topic. Q1. To what extent would you support or oppose the construction of a wind farm in your area? Q2. Are you in favour of the further developments of wind farms in Ireland? Q3. What benefits do you think a wind farm would bring to your area? Q4. What problems do you think a wind farm might cause in your area? Q5.What affects do you think a wind farm would have on the local landscape? Q6. Do you think the construction of a wind farm in your area would contribute to Ireland’s energy independence? Q7. Are you concerned about climate change? Q8. Would you be willing to pay more for your electricity if it comes from a clean renewable source? The benefits of generating primary data are that it is known precisely how the data was produced, and if any problems arose in the process. This is the system mostly used for data collection; however is some cases the generation of primary data is not possible then secondary data may be used. Secondary data may also be used to help supplement the primary data you have already collected (Kitchin Tate, 2000). As numerous methods of data collection are required to conduct this study, use of secondary document analysis will also be employed. The data in these documents have been collected and analysed by someone else, and usually for a different purpose. However these secondary sources are useful and can aid in strengthening the understanding of a chosen topic. The sources I intend to use are as follows: Busch, M., Gee, K., Burkhard, B., Lange, M., Stelljes, N. (2011). Conceptualizing the link between marine ecosystem services and human well-being: the case of offshore wind farming. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services Management 7:3, pp. 109-203. Comhar. (Nov 11). Community Renewable Energy in Ireland: Status, barriers and potential options. Dublin: Comar Publications. CSO. (n.d.). Retrieved 04 18, 2014, from Central Statistics Office: http://census.cso,oe/sapmap/ ESI. (2003). Retrieved 04 2014, 19, from Sustainable Energy Ireland: http://www.seai.ie/Publications/Renewables_Publications_/Wind_Power/Attitudes_towards_the_development_of_wind_farms_in_ireland.pdf Hunt, T. (2010). Big wind in small town Ontario:. Toronto: Department of Geography, Collaborative Program in Environmental Studies, University of Toronto. Kitchin, R., Tate, N. J. (2000). Conducting research into human geography: Theory, methodology and pratice. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Michler, C. T., Kodeih, S. (2008). Mussel and seaweed cultivation in offshore wind farms: An opinion survey. Coastal management, 36(4), pp. 392-411. Smith, E. R., Klick, H. (2007). Explaining NIMBY Opposition to Wind Power. Santa Barbara: University of California, Santa Barbara. DeLacy, P. Barton, (2001) Wind farms: a valuation primer, Appraisal journal, 79(1), pp. 28-43. Wilson, Keith (2011), Winds of change, Geographical, 83(5) p. 74. Bibliography Works Cited Comhar. (Nov 11). Community Renewable Energy in Ireland: Status, barriers and potential options. Dublin: Comar Publications. CSO. (n.d.). Retrieved 04 18, 2014, from Central Statistics Office: http://census.cso,oe/sapmap/ ESI. (2003). Retrieved 04 2014, 19, from Sustainable Energy Ireland: http://www.seai.ie/Publications/Renewables_Publications_/Wind_Power/Attitudes_towards_the_development_of_wind_farms_in_ireland.pdf Hunt, T. (2010). Big wind in small town Ontario:. Toronto: Department of Geography, Collaborative Program in Environmental Studies University of Toronto, pp. 24-27 Kitchin, R., Tate, N. J. (2000). Conducting research into human geography: Theory, methodology and pratice. Essex: Pearson Education Limited, pp. 28-44 Michler, C. T., Kodeih, S. (2008). Mussel and seaweed cultivation in offshore wind farms: An opinion survey. COASTAL MANAGEMENT 36: 4, pp. 392-411. SEI. (2013). Retrieved 04 19, 2014, from Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland: http://census.cso.ie/sasapmap

Analysis Of The Economic Outlook Of Singapore Economics Essay

Analysis Of The Economic Outlook Of Singapore Economics Essay Introduction The February Issue of the Wall Street Journal has provided an article on the economic outlook of Singapore. The article contains many economic facts and concepts, which could be analysed and discussed. These concepts are derived from theory and provided in the context of Singaporean economy. Economic The first point raised by the authors of the article was that the economy of Singapore experienced recession during 2009 and started recovering in 2010 (Holmes and Venkat, 2010). We remain optimistic about Singapores outlook in 2010 and continue to expect the economy to return to positive growth of 5.1% in 2010, although we reiterate this years recovery is likely to be gradual and uneven (Holmes and Venkat, 2010, p.1). The Singapore economy can be well explained by the economic theory of business cycles. In general the theory suggests that capitalist society is unstable. Economic growth will never continue steadily but will be developing cyclically. Business Cycle Figure 1: Gross Domestic Product of Singapore in $million The theory distinguishes four major types of business cycles which are classified under Kitchin cycles, Juglar cycles, Kuznets cycles and Kondratiev cycles. The economy of Singapore reached its trough in 2009 in Figure 1. All of them have different time spans. Kitchin cycles last from 3 to 5 years (Kitchin, 1923). Juglar business cycle would last from 7 to 11 years. Kuznets cycles would last from 15 to 25 years (Glasner and Cooley, 1997). The longest business cycle is the one described by Kondratiev and Stolper (1935). It is rather considered a technological wave that has a span from 45 to 60 years. The year 2010 started with the contraction or growth phase of the business cycle. The analysis of historical indicators of GDP would allow for identifying at least four business cycles that developed in the period from 1960 to 2010. From Figure 1 it can be observed that the recent economic recession in Singapore was a part of the classic Juglar cycle that lasted from 2000 to 2010. It had a span of a little over than ten years and had a long phase of expansion with rather a short period of slowdown. Prior to this, there was a short Kitchin cycle that lasted from 1998 to 2000. During these three years, the economy went through a trough, recovery, peak and another slowdown. Inflation Rate Figure 2: Annual Inflation Rate in Singapore It is valid to account for the price level and real GDP of the country for the estimation of the business cycle. Real GDP is the nominal GDP deflated by the rate of inflation. High inflation would overestimate the value of GDP and economic growth would be presented higher than it really is. The changes in the annual inflation rate of Singapore are presented in Figure 2. During the years 1998 and 2009 when the economy of Singapore was experiencing recessions, the inflation rate was lower than during the phase of expansion. This observation indicates that inflation is higher when the economy is growing because businesses firstly tend to increase prices and then the output when additional demand appears. During the phase of slowdown, the situation is the opposite. Inflation rates tend to go down and nominal GDP approaches the value of real GDP. Aggregate Demand and Supply The expected economic expansion in Singapore in 2010 can also be explained by the theory of aggregate demand and supply. Generally, when demand (AD) increases, the prices rise and this in turn stimulates producers to increase supply or output (AD). As a result both nominal and real GDP would grow continuously. Figure 3: Aggregate Demand and Supply Model During the recession consumer demand for goods and services was down and therefore both the price level represented by inflation rate was lower and the real GDP declined. In the period of expansion that started in Singapore in 2010 (Holmes and Venkat, 2010), both the inflation and real gross domestic product are expected to increase according to the law of supply and demand. As consumers start spending more money on durable and non-durable goods and services, businesses will increase the prices and start expanding production, which would lead to the growth of total output in both real and nominal terms. This is demonstrated by the supply and demand model in the Figure 3. Price Level and Unemployment Rate It is interesting to note that there is also a relationship between the price level in the country and the unemployment rate. When the inflation (A to B) increases in the country, unemployment rates will go down because inflation is thought to be associated with economic growth and expansion. This relationship is explained by the economic concept of Phillips curve. Figure 4: Long Run Phillips Curve In the long run, however, the Phillips curve will be a vertical line (C) established at the natural rate of unemployment shown in Figure 4. In the case of Singapore, the short term Phillips curve was a valid model to represent the relationship between inflation and unemployment. By July 2009 the unemployment rate reached its maximum while the inflation rate declined, thus supporting the economic concept of Phillips curve shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6. Figure 5: Singapore Unemployment Rate Figure 6: Inflation Rate by Month Interest Rates It is valid to note that aggregate demand was stimulated during the recession by the central banks monetary policy. Without monetary stimulus, it would take much longer for consumers to start spending again and gain confidence in the future. The central bank started lowering the base lending rate (Trading Economics, 2010), which represented the short term interest rates in the country, in order to make it easier for consumers to borrow so that they could start spending more. The dynamics of the short term interest rates in Singapore is shown in the Figure 7. Figure 7: Singapore Interest Rates It is valid to note that in the pre recession period the country had already had rather low interest rates that ranged around 3%. In 2008, the central bank started reducing the overnight lending rate until it reached nearly 0% by 2010 (Trading Economics, 2010; Figure 7). Money Demand The article in the Wall Street Journal states that the expectation of contraction in the Singaporean economy and the 5.1% annual growth are feasible because the central bank does not plan to reduce the overnight lending rate too soon. As a result, there will be stimulus for borrowing, consumer spending and investing. Figure 8: Interest Rate Vs Money Supply The economic theory suggests that there is a direct relationship between the money supply and interest rates as shown in Figure 8. In fact, the interest rates are the price of money or the cost of money. When the cost increases, the demand for money will decrease. Similarly, when interest rates rise (I* to I**), the demand for money will fall. Both the consumers and businesses (S) will start borrowing less (Sloman, 2006). Keynesian View However, different school of economic thought offer different concepts on what would be an effective measure to stimulate the economy. For example, the Keynesian economic school argues that during the period of recession, it is essential to stimulate aggregate demand (AD). This has been seen in the case of Singapore when the central bank started stimulating aggregate demand by loose monetary policy in 2008 2010 (Trading Economics, 2010; Holmes and Venkat, 2010). Figure 9: Keynesian AS/AS Model The Keynesian view is that aggregate demand, if stimulated by monetary and fiscal policy, would eventually lead to the growth of the total output and aggregate supply. However, the neo classical school of economics offers a different solution. The neo economy states that the government should rather stimulate and tackle aggregate supply (Yte to Yrec) rather than demand. One of the measures that this school of economics proposes is to increase the money supply at a constant rate. The expansion of money supply is used to stimulate aggregate supply and economic expansion, thus reducing the volatility of the economy. The governments of developed countries in the European Union and the United States, however, continue to adhere to Keynesian measures of stimulating the economy and fighting recession. This has also been found in the case of Singapore (Holmes and Venkat, 2010). Since the recession had lasted only about a year in Singapore until the contraction and expansion started, Keynesian measures of stimulating the economic growth can be assessed as effective in spite of the criticism from the neo classical economic school. Conclusion It is valid to summarise the main arguments of the discussion of economic concepts in the context of Singapore that were based on the article in the February Issue of the Wall Street Journal. This article defended the position that the economy of Singapore will expand and achieve an impressive growth of up to 5.1% in 2010. This expectation has been discussed in the light of the economic theories of business cycles, the model of aggregate demand and supply and the theory of monetary policy and relationship between the interest rates, money supply and total output. From the standpoints of the theories and the fact that the central bank of Singapore does not plan to change its loose monetary policy, the economic expansion and growth of 5.1% are feasible and can be achieved.

Public Schools and Education - Its Time for Education Reform :: Persuasive Essay, Argumentative

It's Time for Education Reform My sentence is still being carried out and, as such, I am still gathering much damning evidence on the topic. Hopefully I will be able to compose a meaningful -- perhaps even persuasive -- critique of the system. There is quite a bit of bureaucracy and conformity to overcome. The education system is profoundly skewed and this is the second time I have experienced its most significant problem: placement and grading. Most educators place too much value on inflexible systems for identifying proper places for students and estimate their comprehension of the material; there are many factors that may aid or hinder a student's performance on such tests. Yet, even excusing poor test score(s) is not my main intention. Throughout most of my education I felt extreme boredom and "excelled" at all "academic studies" (as ill-defined as they were), which made me rather excited about the prospect of going to college early. I thought the MASMC, focusing on (personal) and academic challenges, should provide the extra stimulation and opportunity to let me "soar." I have come to understand the harsher conformity of lower level courses. In highschool I had precalculus (which actually ended with limits!) and chemistry, and I considered my entrance to calculus and (advanced/secondary) chemistry in college almost guaranteed. I found out about placement tests the night before actually taking them (the best I can remember) but still felt confident after having completed them. I found out little before actually going to the academy that I would be placed back in precalculus and chemistry one. After talking with a few "authorities" I discovered there was one other test I could take. Without even looking at the C I received on the first precalculus (mostly algebra and some trig) test, I took another one. Again, I received a C and felt rather bad. I talked with Dr. Malm to figure out what I did wrong. After looking over the test, I felt somewhat worse: the errors I made were not due to a real lack of understanding, rather they were "stupid errors" from lack of attention, sleepiness, and some misinterpretation. I was assured that the college precalculus course would "fill the holes" of my precalculus education. I doubted it, and was correct: I learned, effectively, nothing in precalculus while spending hours (and taxpayers' money) listening to the same material and doing homework (unnecessary -- I didn't last year and by not doing homework I did not hurt my placement test score). Public Schools and Education - It's Time for Education Reform :: Persuasive Essay, Argumentative It's Time for Education Reform My sentence is still being carried out and, as such, I am still gathering much damning evidence on the topic. Hopefully I will be able to compose a meaningful -- perhaps even persuasive -- critique of the system. There is quite a bit of bureaucracy and conformity to overcome. The education system is profoundly skewed and this is the second time I have experienced its most significant problem: placement and grading. Most educators place too much value on inflexible systems for identifying proper places for students and estimate their comprehension of the material; there are many factors that may aid or hinder a student's performance on such tests. Yet, even excusing poor test score(s) is not my main intention. Throughout most of my education I felt extreme boredom and "excelled" at all "academic studies" (as ill-defined as they were), which made me rather excited about the prospect of going to college early. I thought the MASMC, focusing on (personal) and academic challenges, should provide the extra stimulation and opportunity to let me "soar." I have come to understand the harsher conformity of lower level courses. In highschool I had precalculus (which actually ended with limits!) and chemistry, and I considered my entrance to calculus and (advanced/secondary) chemistry in college almost guaranteed. I found out about placement tests the night before actually taking them (the best I can remember) but still felt confident after having completed them. I found out little before actually going to the academy that I would be placed back in precalculus and chemistry one. After talking with a few "authorities" I discovered there was one other test I could take. Without even looking at the C I received on the first precalculus (mostly algebra and some trig) test, I took another one. Again, I received a C and felt rather bad. I talked with Dr. Malm to figure out what I did wrong. After looking over the test, I felt somewhat worse: the errors I made were not due to a real lack of understanding, rather they were "stupid errors" from lack of attention, sleepiness, and some misinterpretation. I was assured that the college precalculus course would "fill the holes" of my precalculus education. I doubted it, and was correct: I learned, effectively, nothing in precalculus while spending hours (and taxpayers' money) listening to the same material and doing homework (unnecessary -- I didn't last year and by not doing homework I did not hurt my placement test score).

Aggregate Supply and Demand Essay -- Economics

Aggregate Supply and Demand The quantity theory can be shown graphically in terms of the aggregate-supply aggregate-demand framework that has become popular in macroeconomic textbooks. Aggregate demand is the amount people will spend, or money multiplied by velocity. If money is 30 and velocity is 7, total spending will be 210. Total spending of 210 can be divided between prices and quantities in a number of ways. If the price level (P) is 1, quantity (Q) will be 210. If P is 2, Q will be 105, if P is 3, Q will be 70, if P is 5, Q will be 42, etc. When graphed with axes of price level and transactions, aggregate demand has the form of a rectangular hyperbola.1 This aggregate-demand curve is shown below as the MV curve. The quantity theory assumes that transactions are determined outside the model by the availability of resources and by technology. Because it assumes there are no adjustment problems, the aggregate supply curve is the vertical line shown in the graph above as the T curve. At each price level the same quantity is available, or price level does not influence quantity supplied. The price level is determined by the intersection of these two curves. If the amount of money increases, the aggregate demand curve shifts to the right. Since transactions are fixed, the end results must be an increase in price level. Notice that aggregate-supply and aggregate-demand curves are describing what happens in the market for goods and services, not in the market for money balances. If there is a disturbance in the money market, that disturbance is transmitted to the goods-and-services market via the aggregate-demand curve. The quantity theory encourages us to see a purchase of goods as a sale of money, and a sale of goods as a purchase of money. Changes in the resource market are transferred to the goods-and-services market via the aggregate supply curve. The quantity theory does not see the market for goods and services as the place disturbances begin. What we see happening in this part of the economy is the result of events in other sectors. Though very simple, this model helps make sense of a number of historical events. For example, U. S. economic growth in the late 19th century, spurred by increases in resources and improving technology, was faster than the growth in money stock. The graph above predicts deflation... ...lry, tableware, and artistic purposes. Their actions will reflect the law of demand: whenever a commodity becomes cheaper, people use more of it. Thus if there is a sudden influx of gold into a country that uses it as money, part of the influx will be diverted to its commodity use, and the effects on the amount of money, and hence on the price level, will be lessened. On the other hand, a sudden decline will also be cushioned, because as the commodity grows more valuable, people will transfer it from its commodity use into a monetary use. If the amount of gold declines and it rises in value, there is an incentive to melt down jewelry, tableware, and artistic objects and use the gold as money. Hence a doubling of gold may not double the amount of money, and cutting the amount of gold by one half may not cut money by one half. Second, if money falls in value, the incentive to produce more of it is cut and if it rises in value, the incentive to produce more of it is raised. If the value of gold increases, more people will try to find it, and if its value declines, fewer people will search for it. The third reason takes us into the realm of international economics. Aggregate Supply and Demand Essay -- Economics Aggregate Supply and Demand The quantity theory can be shown graphically in terms of the aggregate-supply aggregate-demand framework that has become popular in macroeconomic textbooks. Aggregate demand is the amount people will spend, or money multiplied by velocity. If money is 30 and velocity is 7, total spending will be 210. Total spending of 210 can be divided between prices and quantities in a number of ways. If the price level (P) is 1, quantity (Q) will be 210. If P is 2, Q will be 105, if P is 3, Q will be 70, if P is 5, Q will be 42, etc. When graphed with axes of price level and transactions, aggregate demand has the form of a rectangular hyperbola.1 This aggregate-demand curve is shown below as the MV curve. The quantity theory assumes that transactions are determined outside the model by the availability of resources and by technology. Because it assumes there are no adjustment problems, the aggregate supply curve is the vertical line shown in the graph above as the T curve. At each price level the same quantity is available, or price level does not influence quantity supplied. The price level is determined by the intersection of these two curves. If the amount of money increases, the aggregate demand curve shifts to the right. Since transactions are fixed, the end results must be an increase in price level. Notice that aggregate-supply and aggregate-demand curves are describing what happens in the market for goods and services, not in the market for money balances. If there is a disturbance in the money market, that disturbance is transmitted to the goods-and-services market via the aggregate-demand curve. The quantity theory encourages us to see a purchase of goods as a sale of money, and a sale of goods as a purchase of money. Changes in the resource market are transferred to the goods-and-services market via the aggregate supply curve. The quantity theory does not see the market for goods and services as the place disturbances begin. What we see happening in this part of the economy is the result of events in other sectors. Though very simple, this model helps make sense of a number of historical events. For example, U. S. economic growth in the late 19th century, spurred by increases in resources and improving technology, was faster than the growth in money stock. The graph above predicts deflation... ...lry, tableware, and artistic purposes. Their actions will reflect the law of demand: whenever a commodity becomes cheaper, people use more of it. Thus if there is a sudden influx of gold into a country that uses it as money, part of the influx will be diverted to its commodity use, and the effects on the amount of money, and hence on the price level, will be lessened. On the other hand, a sudden decline will also be cushioned, because as the commodity grows more valuable, people will transfer it from its commodity use into a monetary use. If the amount of gold declines and it rises in value, there is an incentive to melt down jewelry, tableware, and artistic objects and use the gold as money. Hence a doubling of gold may not double the amount of money, and cutting the amount of gold by one half may not cut money by one half. Second, if money falls in value, the incentive to produce more of it is cut and if it rises in value, the incentive to produce more of it is raised. If the value of gold increases, more people will try to find it, and if its value declines, fewer people will search for it. The third reason takes us into the realm of international economics.

Analyse of the Wind That Shakes the Barley

The Wind That Shakes the Barley The wind that shakes the barley is a film made of Ken Loach, the film are made in 2006 Setting: â€Å"The wind that shakes the barley† takes place in Ireland, during the Irish War of Independence (1919-1921) and the Irish Civil War (1922-1923) and it is a real story. After World war 1. Put a stopper for the home rule bill in Ireland there came English soldiers into Ireland and treated the Irish people really bad. Then some of the Irish people got upset and began to fight back. Resume:The film takes place in the Northern Ireland in the twenties, during IRA's fight against the British invasion of Ireland. The brothers Damien and Teddy O’Donovan join a rebel movement with some friends, after Damien’s failed attempt to escape to London to become a doctor, and after British soldiers killed a very good friend of his. The group is the start of the Irish peoples rise against the British invasion, and many people starts joining groups just like theirs. They get caught by the British, and Teddy gets tortured by pulling out his nails, to make him say names, but he doesn't reveal his secrets to anyone.Afterwards they fetch Damien in. The â€Å"boss† threatens to kill Damien if he does not tell him about who helps them, but Damien is silent and gets thrown back into the cell. The young soldier who were supposed to shoot Damien helps them escape, but since he has no key to the last cell, three of the captives get left behind. The others escape in a horse drawn carriage and stay in a small house while Teddy recovers. When Teddy is ready to travel again, they go to some reliable friends to live for a while.Here they find out that one of Damien’s oldest friends Chris Reilly, a young guy who worked on a British farm to earn money to his family, was the one telling on them, and got them sent to jail. They receive orders to kill both Chris and Sir John, and Damien shoots them. Later he talks to his sweetheart, Sine ad ni Shuilleabhain, about the shame in facing Chris' mother. After IRA's defeat on a British convoy, another detachment sets fire to Sinead's house as payback, and shaves her head while pointing a gun at her. Damien and the others see it all from behind a hill, but there are nothing they can do about it.The British are too many. When the British leave, Sinead is still deeply in shock, and while Damien comforts her, a messenger arrives with the message of a formal ceasefire between Britain and the IRA. The whole village celebrates, but not for long, because they find out about the Anglo-Irish treaty, and the IRA divides in two groups. Teddy is done fighting and accepts the treaty. He and his allies start patrolling in Irish Army-uniforms. Damien and his friends will not accept the treaty and joins the Anti-treaty IRA.Damien gets caught and his Anti-treaty friend Dan was killed in their attempt of stealing weapons from the British army. Characters Damien is a newly graduated doctor f rom college. You can see he is a recent graduate because in the film he is relatively young, and refers to himself as: Medical graduate from college. His brother named Teddy. Individually, they represent a position in relation to how Ireland should be free – Damien will fight through political means, and Teddy will struggle with violence. Which is typical in societies with war, there will always be different opinions on how to solve the conflict.

All American Hero!

Large wars were a normal happening in my home. Men would fight the forces of iniquity using their plastic weapons and represent tanks. My G.I. Joes and I would combat the evil C.O.B.R.A. for hours making me immobilise everyday hassles like my chores and homework. I neer thought well-nigh why I played with my action figures, but I was hooked by G.I. Joes concept of keep an eye on and pride. My obsessive play with these toys revea guide more just about myself as a child.As a child G.I. Joe was my life. School provided me a recover to image saturnine my G.I. Joe tiffin quoin before I would run in my G.I. Joe sneakers at recess. After school my shell grade for the day would be stick on on the refrigerator with my special G.I. Joe magnet, which I sent away for in the mail. Weekends provided me with chores that, upon their completion, allowed me to pay a bare-ass G.I. Joe figure. There was no time when G.I. Joe was not in many way involved in my life.I clam up remember s eeing my jump G.I Joe on the shelf in the store. These figurines were oft sold in packaging that had jovials on the back recounting hotshotic stories of G.I. Joe victory. The jump time I saw a G.I Joe, I went over to the shelf and pulled it off the peg, flipped the package over and read the toon on the back. Everytime I read the comic for a different character, it make me require that toy more and more.However, I entrust my fondest moment with G.I Joe was when I saw my freshman G.I. Joe cartoon on television. Every chance contained dozens of different characters and vehicles all of which could be bought in toy form. G.I. Joes lived up to their translation as the real American hero by struggle evil terrorists in defense of their country. Each episode veritable(a) ended with a moral about duty or virtue. Eventually, my fantasy became a when the G.I. Joe cartoon television series was make into a movie. The movie introduced new characters, new vehicles, and new story lines for me to enjoy.Unfortunately, as I got older, I began to realize that the whole G.I Joe dodging was just a way for the society producing them to make money. The merchandising power of G.I Joe was besides subsidized during the television series by advertisements that aired during the shows commercial breaks. Images of plastic figures fighting on exuberant battlefields were designed to trip up childrens imagination. I was often shown in the ads creating elaborate scenarios in which G.I. Joe would combat the evil C.O.B.R.A. This melding of the show and commercials bombarded me with the visuals of in demand(p) toys.The toys were the basis for an exponential merchandise strategy that forced me or my parents to bribe more and more products for me. The thought fag end this strategy was very simple in that if I bought one G.I. Joe that I would virtually likely buy another. Not unaccompanied that, but if I already had a few G.I Joes then I would plausibly buy a vehicle for them. Eventually, it led to me buying other paraphernalia such(prenominal) as clothing and even lunch boxes.Furthermore, I even remember breathing out to different stores and seeing different marketing campaigns set up. For example, I remember Sears except selling the command center for the unskilled guys Toys R Us selling a special figurine that came with an audio cassette that is at once a valuable collectors item. These special toy sets appealed to me who desired to have all of the idealistic G.I. Joe items.What does this say about America? It reveals that capitalist economy was present in nearly everything made in America. No matter how much I loved my G.I. Joe, I was free the puppet of corporate executives who moreover desired to make money. Though honor was accentuate on the show to sell toys, it lone(prenominal) contrasted the dishonorable marketing scheme of the companies. Personally, my childishness love for G.I. Joe was therefore created by a company solely to profit f rom. And until now I dont care. After realizing that I was merely being used I still love my G.I. Joes because they were a part of me careless(predicate) of how much money I spent.

Hsm 230-Week 5 Assignment: Hhs Law Profile Paper

wellness indemnification Portability 1 wellness redress Portability and accountability be active Name University Class Professor attend health Insurance Portability 2 The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability spot (HIPAA) was complete in 1996 to nurture the rightfulnesss of privates when receiving services from wellness organizations. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability morsel ensures privacy and confidentiality of individuals health in pretendation. Health teaching could be fostered on paper, oral communication, or electronically.If an individuals privacy is violated in either way that individual has the option to file a disorder against the pique office. The point for Civil Rights assists individuals with complaints by study them. If necessary the Office for Civil Rights volition impose a fine for violating the privacy order Provision. Criminal rapines of this equity argon referred to the United States part of Justice for probe and action (United States Department of Health and charitable Services, 2008). The solitude Rule imposes rules that healthc ar workers must(prenominal) abide by to protect affected roles instruction. By doing this the Privacy Rule dictates how atients tuition could be handled in pharmacies, hospitals, and other healthcare industries. Patients flip nark to their aesculapian exam examination records if copies are needed or if mistakes are entrap. There could be a monetary charge for copies nevertheless longanimouss should commence copies within 30 days of the request. If a medical checkup returnr requires sharing of the unhurried ofs information this request must be approved by the patient in writing. This notice is usually willd by the healthcare organization to the patient upon their branch visit. This notice allows the patient to appoint any person whom he or she wishes to surrender access to their medical files.A patient could mend or omit information at any condemnation. Patients would feature or sign this document generated by the organization which was Health Insurance Portability 3 formatted per HIPAA guidelines. If the document is revise in any way the patient must be presented with the updated document and wedded the opportunity to review and sign it. The Privacy Rule imposes limits on how the information is divisiond. To provide the highest quality of care this rule does not permit any medical mental faculty that is directly functional from the patient to share information with another staff that is working directly with the patient.This could include physicians, nurses, and other medical suppliers that treat the patient. If any other provider that is directly working with the patient requires the medical information the patient would need to sign a consent form. A form usually called release of information would be completed and would specify which information could be divided. By specifying which information co uld be shared is another way for the patient to protect their information. For example if a patient is applying for support damages they could consent for the life insurance company to have access to their medical lab work.The patients file could include ofttimes extensive history such as mental illness or surgical history, but this information would not be shared. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability fair play affects day-to-day operations in some shipway. The Privacy Rule ensures that various healthcare providers have policies and procedures as to different ways to protect a patients information. Different agencies such as health insurance organizations, pharmacies, and physicians have procedures as to how to protect information.These various healthcare workers have requirements that are flexible to permit different healthcare workers to implement them as necessary for their practice. cover medical personnel could limit the usance of information as required . In addition, healthcare organizations are Health Insurance Portability 4 required to take additional stairs to maintain patient privacy and confidentiality. These go include but are not limited to written privacy procedures, employee training, and hiring a privacy officer (to oversee that a high level of care is provided).If a consumer feels that his or her privacy has been violated they have the right to file a complaint. This complaint can me submitted directly to the offending provider or can be submitted via mail, or electronically to the Office for Civil Rights. The Office of Civil Rights provides adequate space for the consumer to pardon why he or she feels her information has been used without proper consent. A consumer whitethorn also receive information on how a complaint may be filed The Office of Civil Rights provides this chart of penalties that could be assessesA large penalty may be assessed if found guilty up to $100. 00 per violation, up to $25,000 per year, for each requirement or prohibition violated. Criminal penalties apply for original actions such as knowingly obtaining protect health information in violation of the law. Criminal penalties can range up to $50,000 and one year in prison for certain offenses up to $100,000 and up to vanadium years in prison if the offenses are committed under false pretenses and up to $250,000 and up to 10 years in prison if the offenses are committed with the sprightliness to sell, transfer or se protected health information for commercial advantage, own(prenominal) gain or malicious harm. (United States Department of Health and world Services, 2008). The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability make out was designed to provide a consistent amount of tax shelter in the exchange of data for a patient. When the regulations were implemented it became obvious that there was much to do. There were many holes in the body Health Insurance Portability 5 when it came time to protect patient m edical information.It was found that the security requirements would apply to all medical personnel. This legislation provided a system that protects everyones rights. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act also establish protection from disagreement based on the information in the records. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act serves to protect patients right by setting a modular of practice for ensuring the privacy of clients information. A client may distinguish whom he wishes to have access to his ad hominem information by signing a waiver of consent.The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act also would conduct an investigation of any claims of violation and holds violators accountable (HHS. Gov, 2008). Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act contour impacts all departments that have interaction with a clients personal information like medical staff, medical records, billing, and so on Health Insurance Portability and Accountability law is inconvenient at times but it is also necessary to protect our information from being used in a way that we do not wish.Health Insurance Portability 6 References Department of Health and pitying Services (2008) What does HIPAA privacy rule do? Retrieved September 26, 2008, from http//www. hhs. gov/ Manning, S. S. (2003). Ethical leadership in sympathetic services A multi-dimensional approach. capital of Massachusetts Allyn and Bacon. United States department of health and man services. (2008). United States department of health and human services. Retrieved September 25, 2008, from Department of Health and Human Services http//www. hhs. gov/ocr/hipaa/

Week Three Learning Team Reflection

Why and how do we conduct big business research? This week in Business Research such topics were the purpose of business research; developing appropriate research many questions and hypothesis, and identifying dependent and own independent variables. Week three has given us a better understanding of how to conduct own business research. There are several purposes for own business research. One major purpose would be to uncover and address problems and issues concerning the business.Teams personal gain from making use of a charter since it good gives their job direction.Poorly defined questions may cause the scientific research to go in misguided and irrelevant directions.Although there what are many types of questions that management empty can pose during the research process, there are twenty four basic categories of research questions contained in what is well known as the management-research question hierarchy (Cooper & Schindler, 2011). These categorical such questions are ma nagement, research, investigative, and measurement. Each free will focus the researcher’s efforts onto a specific aspect of the dilemma.Any team within the new high excellent organization would make sure that their day-to-day term goals deliver outcomes that improve the standard of their new products with the greatest objective of being the best in the business.

There are four types of hypotheses. They are descriptive, correlational, explanatory, and relational. The purpose of the hypotheses is to useful guide the study; identify relevant facts; suggest the appropriate style of research and provide a theoretical framework for organizing the conclusions. Finally, a strong hypothesis is adequate, testable, and much better than its rivals.Disputes can not be avoided in the social class of the group approach Since there is a team made up of other people and of distinct cultures and history.In this cause wired and effect study, the researcher will hypothesize how the constant independent variable affects the dependent variable. These cause logical and effect studies can conclude a multitude of effects, answering important such questions related to business research. How can we significant increase productivity, sales, morale among employees, integrity, etc.?How best can we reduce fraud, waste, loss, etc.Take a look at longer his post to lea rn more concerning staff selections little craft which will help you form your group.

Teams wonder about their degree of authority.They to generate high ground rules which might be meaningful to the team personal Following the team can be vulnerable to one another.Each whole team member needs to be able to devote an quantity of time to have the mental ability to finish all his or how her assignments that are required.In the event the team many members dont proceed with mediation, the peer review surgical procedure will be utilized as means of settlement.

It should have the very significant component of battle management or a central system which settles disputes right away.It is a frequent understanding of how a entire team gets its work done.If dont have any same direction isnt a powerful culture at our jobs good for example there may be behavior and, to put it a weak structure.A team environment is important unlooked for the teams achievement.